Oxidative inactivation of Tulare apple mosaic virus

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(66)90219-4

Virology

Volume 29, Issue 3, July 1966, Pages 437-443

https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(66)90219-4 Get rights and content

Abstract

Purified Tulare apple mosaic virus (TAMV) preparations were inactivated by 10–15-minute exposure to eight partially substituted quinones. However, each, of these partially substituted quinones was less effective than tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone (TCQ). The reduced activity of the partially substituted quinones appeared to be associated with their ability to undergo addition reactions rather than the presence or absence of a particular substituent group.

TAMV was inactivated by exposure to eight of nine inorganic oxidizing agents tested. When tested at various oxidant concentrations, Fremy's salt, iodine-sodium iodide, and silver oxide produced inactivation curves similar to those obtained with the partially substituted quinones. Quantitatively potassium permanganate resembled TCQ in its ability to inactivate TAMV.

Exposure of TAMV to silver oxide at virus to oxidant ratios of 0.3:1 and 0.7:1 resulted in marked increases in absorption in the 280 mμ to 320 mμ region of the ultra-violet light spectrum and a fourfold decrease in the serological activity. Despite these changes not all infectivity was lost. By contrast, TAMV exposed to TCQ at virus to quinone ratios near 34:1 exhibited no changes in absorption spectrum and no loss of serological activity, but was completely inactivated.

TAMV was not inactivated by exposure to ovalbumin coated with 4-methyl-o-benzoquinone.

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Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), potato virus X (PVX), sowbane mosaic virus (SMV), and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were incubated for various intervals with commercial mushroom tyrosinase and 2 × 10⁻³ M catechol, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), or chlorogenic acid (CA) and tested for infectivity by direct assays and by assays of repurified virus. Alfalfa mosaic virus was totally inactivated in less than 10 min by oxidized catechol, but was not inactivated by oxidized DOPA or CA. Both PVX and SMV were partially inactivated by oxidized catechol, but were not inactivated by oxidized CA. SMV was partially inactivated by oxidized DOPA, but PVX was not. TMV was not inactivated by any of the three phenols tested. The level of inactivation of each virus exposed to oxidized catechol was reproduced when that virus was exposed to similar concentrations of tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone (TCQ). The results suggest that inactivation resulted from reactions between virus and the o-benzoquinone molecule rather than other possible oxidative intermediates. As the o-quinone molecule became more complex, its ability to inactivate a wide range of viruses decreased.
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^☆: This investigation was supported in part by funds provided for biological an medical research by the State of Washington Initiative Measure No. 171. Scientific paper no. 2754, Washington State University College of Agriculture, Pullman, Project no. 1712.

²: Assistant Plant Pathologist, Research Assistant, and Graduate Research Assistant, respectively.

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Oxidative inactivation of Tulare apple mosaic virus☆

Abstract

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

Virology

Inactivation of viruses

Some observations on the reaction of catechol derivatives with amines and amino acids in the presence of oxidizing agents

Biochem. J.