A retrospective study of patients with recurrent chronic atrophic candidosis

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(81)90312-1

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology

Volume 52, Issue 2, August 1981, Pages 150-153

Oral Surgery, Oral M...

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Abstract

A retrospective study was carried out in thirty-seven patients who had recurrent chronic atrophic candidosis (CAC). The factors commonly believed to predispose to CAC were investigated, including corrected whole blood folate, iron saturation, and vitamin B₁₂. The incidence of CAC based on clinical and microbiologic criteria was assessed before and after antifungal therapy and correction of predisposing factors. No significant difference was found. Hence, the role of additional, less well-known predisposing factors in the etiopathology of CAC should be considered when one is treating patients with recurrent, chronic Candida infections.

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Cited by (34)

Effect of aPDT on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans present in the dental biofilm: Systematic review
2018, Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Citation Excerpt :
The Candida species are present in the oral cavity of healthy individuals and Candida albicans is the most prevalent, reaching 60–70%, followed by Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata [4]. These fungi are usually commensal, but in some situations, they can become parasitic, causing oral candidiasis [5,6]. Oral candidiasis has gained importance due to the increase in the number of immunocompromised individuals [7].
To evaluate the effect of aPDT on S. mutans and C. albicans present in the dental biofilm, using methylene blue as a photosensitizer in different pre-irradiation times. The searches were made on Pubmed, Web of Science, Bireme, Scopus and Cochrane Library, and were complemented by screening the references of selected articles in the attempt to find any article that did not appear in the database search. The searches were performed by two researchers and limited to studies involving human subjects published in the English language. Inclusion criteria included in vitro studies with aPDT; studies that used methylene blue as a photosensitizer; studies that used low power laser; studies that evaluated S. mutans or C. albicans. Studies published in a non-English language, patents, in vivo or in situ studies; case reports, serial case, reviews and animal studies were not included. Studies published before 1996 were also not included. Initially, the search resulted in 68 published studies. 16 records were excluded because they were duplicated. The analysis of titles and abstracts resulted in the exclusion of 48 of the published studies, resulting in 4 studies included in the systematic review. The aPDT was effective in three of the four papers selected for the systematic review and the pre-irradiation time used was 5 or 15 min. This therapy had satisfactory results in both C. albicans and S. mutans when using methylene blue as a photosensitizer.
Novel mucoadhesive extended release tablets for treatment of oral candidosis: "In vivo" evaluation of the biopharmaceutical performance
2009, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Citation Excerpt :
However, these standard dosages imply the administration of large quantities of drug over very long periods of time. Furthermore, in spite of its efficacy in vitro, treatment with N can fail in vivo.6,7 The design of mucoadhesive forms to retain the device in the oral cavity during the period of delivery, together with a sustained release of the drug to keep its concentration within the therapeutic range, are valid approaches in order to overcome the shortcomings of conventional treatments.8,9
Mucoadhesive tablets containing nystatin (10 mg) were evaluated in vivo. The assays were carried out with 12 healthy volunteers and the concentration of nystatin in saliva was determined at different times. Tablets remained attached to the buccal mucosa during 270 min ± 30 min. No evidence of ulceration or bleeding was observed. Typical appearance of intact human buccal mucosa was seen before and after contact with the tablet. The tablets were well accepted by the volunteers, although most of the volunteers reported a light bitter taste, probably due to nystatin. Concentration of nystatin in saliva was several times higher than MIC over a period of approximately 4.5 h, which was in agreement with the behavior observed in vitro. These results allow us to infer that the administration of these mucoadhesive tablets could be advantageous compared to conventional formulations and mucoadhesive extended-release tablets might produce better therapeutic performance than conventional formulations in the treatment of oral candidosis.
Inhibitory effect of Streblus asper leaf-extract on adhesion of Candida albicans to denture acrylic
2006, Journal of Ethnopharmacology
This in vitro study aimed at determining the effects of various sublethal concentrations of Streblus asper leaf ethanolic extract (SAE) on adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic surface. A colorimetric tetrazolium assay using (2,3)-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide was used to make the quantitative determination. The SAE at a concentration equivalent to nystatin (6.24 μg/ml) pinpointed the minimal exposure time of SAE in suppressing candidal adhesion to acrylic. Adhesion of Candida albicans to acrylic was determined after exposure to SAE for 1, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min. The minimum concentration of SAE that significantly reduced adherence (P < 0.05) after a 4-h exposure was 31.25 mg/ml. In addition, a significant reduction (P < 0.01) of candidal adhesion to acrylic occurred after a 1 min exposure to 62.5 mg/ml of SAE. Pre-treatment of yeast with 62.5 mg/ml of SAE for 1 h before adhesion assay significant reduced the adherence as 20.54% compared to the untreated control, whereas the same treatment with acrylic strips did not show any effect. These findings indicate that exposure of Candida albicans to sublethal concentrations of SAE results in a reduction in the ability of the yeasts to adhere to denture acrylic, possibly preventative of denture stomatitis.
In vitro inhibitory effect of Streblus asper leaf-extract on adhesion of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells
2005, Journal of Ethnopharmacology
This in vitro study aimed at determining the effects of a sublethal concentration of Streblus asper Lour (Moraceae) leaf ethanolic extract on adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells (HBEC). The minimum concentration of Streblus asper leaf ethanolic extract (SAE) that significantly reduced adherence (P < 0.05) after a 1-h exposure was 15.6 mg/ml. However, there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of candidal adhesion to HBEC after 1-min exposure to 125 mg/ml of SAE. Pre-treatment of either Candida or HBEC, or both, with 125 mg/ml of SAE for 1 h resulted in reduced adherence. SAE at concentrations of 125 and 250 mg/ml also showed 41 and 61% inhibition of germ tube formation, respectively, which might affect adherence. These findings indicate that the sublethal concentration of SAE may modulate candidal colonization of the oral mucosa thereby suppressing the invasive potential of the pathogen.
Efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate rinse for treatment and prevention of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected children: A pilot study
2004, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics
We evaluated the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.12% rinses on the clinical and microbiologic manifestations of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected children.
This was a cross-sectional, clinical intervention study of 38 HIV-positive children. Inclusion in the study was based on oral examination and positive oral culture for Candida. At baseline, subjects with no clinical lesions but who were culture-positive for Candida (N = 9) were placed on preventive therapy of CHX q.d. for 90 days. Subjects with clinical oral candidiasis (N = 9) were placed on therapeutic CHX b.i.d. All 38 subjects received oral exams at monthly intervals. At 90 days oral mucosal samples were again taken for Candida. Colony-forming units (CFU) were determined before and after CHX treatment.
Of 18 culture-positive subjects, 12 were included in the CFU analyses. After 3 months of CHX oral rinse therapy, Candida was undetectable in 3 children; another 8 showed an average 2-fold reduction in CFU. In 1 child the number of CFU increased modestly. Overall, the average pre- and posttreatment mean CFU was 6.18 ± 2.19 and 2.73 ± 3.15, respectively (P = .009). Five patients with clinical oral candidiasis at baseline, including all 3 who had pseudomembranous candidiasis, were free of signs of disease at the end of the study.
This study suggests that the topical disinfectant CHX may be a promising agent for treating and preventing oral candidiasis in HIV-infected children.
Adhesion of oral Candida albicans isolates to denture acrylic following limited exposure to antifungal agents
1998, Archives of Oral Biology
Candidal adherence to denture acrylic surfaces is implicated as the first step in the pathogenesis of Candida-associated denture stomatitis, the most prevalent form of oral candidosis in the West. This condition is treated by topically administered antifungal agents, mainly belonging to the polyenes and azoles. As the intraoral concentrations of antifungals fluctuate considerably due to the dynamics of the oral environment, the effect of short exposure to sublethal concentrations of antifungals on the adhesion of Candida albicans to denture acrylic surfaces was investigated. Seven oral C. albicans isolates were exposed to four–eight times minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of five antifungal drugs, nystatin, amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, ketoconazole and fluconazole, for 1 h. After removing the drug (by repeated washing) the adhesion of these isolates to acrylic strips was assessed by an in vitro adhesion assay. Exposure to antifungal agents significantly reduced the adherence of all seven C. albicans isolates to denture acrylic. The mean percentage reductions of adhesion after limited exposure to nystatin, amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, ketoconazole and fluconazole were 86.48, 90.85, 66.72, 65.88 and 47.42%, respectively. These findings indicate that subtherapeutic doses of antifungals may modulate oral candidal colonization. Further, these results may have an important bearing on dosage regimens currently employed in treating oral candidosis.

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^∗: Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, University of Glasgow.

^∗∗: Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, University of Glasgow.

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Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology

Abstract

References (27)

The Aetiology, Exfoliative Cytology and Treatment of Denture Stomatitis

J. Prosthet. Dent

Nutritional Deficiency in Oral Candidosis

Int. J. Oral Surg

Inhibition of Candida albicans by Escherichia coli In Vitro and in the Germ-Free Mouse

J. Surg. Res

Factors Affecting the Adherence of Candida albicans to Acrylic Surfaces In Vitro

Arch. Oral Biol

General Features of Candida Infections

Candida and Candidosis

The Significance of Candida albicans in Denture Sore Mouth

Thesis

Scand. J. Dent. Res

Chronic Oral Candidosis, Denture Stomatitis and Hyperplastic Candidosis

Denture Sore Mouth and Angular Cheilitis

Br. Dent. J

Incidence of Immediate and Delayed Hypersensitivity to Candida albicans in Denture Stomatitis

J. Dent. Res

Cellular Immunity in Acquired Palatal Candidiasis

Scand. J. Dent. Res

Cited by (34)

Effect of aPDT on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans present in the dental biofilm: Systematic review

Novel mucoadhesive extended release tablets for treatment of oral candidosis: "In vivo" evaluation of the biopharmaceutical performance

Inhibitory effect of Streblus asper leaf-extract on adhesion of Candida albicans to denture acrylic

In vitro inhibitory effect of Streblus asper leaf-extract on adhesion of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells

Efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate rinse for treatment and prevention of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected children: A pilot study

Adhesion of oral Candida albicans isolates to denture acrylic following limited exposure to antifungal agents