Exercise-induced muscle protein leakage in the rat: Effects of hormonal manipulation
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Effects of exercise on circulating levels of sex hormones in overweight and obese postmenopausal women: A systematic review
2019, Science and SportsCitation Excerpt :Muscle protein synthesis is driven by a damage/repair process that occurs after 1–2 weeks of resistance training [39]. Estrogen presence in skeletal muscle has been associated with damage/repair process in this tissue [40,41] by decreasing neutrophil invasion into damaged muscle fibers [40]. In fact, 17β-estradiol and the estrogen receptors beta (ERβ) are associated with an attenuation of protein degradation in skeletal muscle [42–45] promoting regenerative and anti-apoptotic effects in this tissue through a mechanism that involves satellite cells [46].
Functions of estrogen and estrogen receptor signaling on skeletal muscle
2019, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCitation Excerpt :Satellite cells are skeletal muscle stem cells required for the growth, maintenance and regeneration of skeletal muscle [102–104]. It has been known that satellite cells show gender differences in the response to myofiber injury and hypertrophic signals [105–109], suggesting that sex steroids can regulate satellite cells. Proliferation of satellite cells is stimulated by cytokines and growth factors produced by macrophages during the inflammation after muscle-damaging exercise [55] or ischemia/reperfusion injury [110].
Sexual Dimorphism in Stem Cell–Based Therapies for the Musculoskeletal System
2016, Operative Techniques in OrthopaedicsCitation Excerpt :For example, Amelink et al found lower levels of circulating CK in male animals when estrogen was administered following exercise. Furthermore, the investigators also found that pre-exercise estrogen therapy may help prevent the accumulation of excessive muscle damage in ovariectomized female rats.23 Current studies are being conducted that explore the potential protective role of estrogen and its ability to minimize inflammation and leukocyte infiltration at the site of muscle injury.
17β-Estradiol and testosterone in sarcopenia: Role of satellite cells
2015, Ageing Research ReviewsCitation Excerpt :The understanding of the influence of estrogens and androgens on satellite cells has significantly grown over the last decade. Of relevance, it has been shown that there are gender differences in those responses (Amelink and Bar, 1986; Amelink et al., 1990; Bar et al., 1995; Bar and Amelink, 1997; Reisz-Porszasz et al., 2003), suggesting that satellite cells could be regulated by sex steroids. In fact, several muscle genes detailed in Table 1 are affected by these hormones; e.g., Pax-7, MyoD, myogenin, among others (Braga et al., 2012; Cleveland and Weber, 2015; McFarland et al., 2013; Rana et al., 2014).