Premorbid asocial adjustment and prognosis in schizophrenia
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Comparison of the long-term treatment outcomes of women and men diagnosed with schizophrenia over a period of 20 years. A prospective study
2018, Comprehensive PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :It has been observed that among women, irrespective of their age at onset, negative symptoms are less intense [4,15], hospitalizations briefer and less frequent, and the course of the illness less severe [14,24], whereas men are more likely to demonstrate prodromal symptoms, and their clinical presentation is dominated by negative symptoms such as flat affect, deficiency of activity or withdrawal from community [7,16,18]. In the past, it was believed that throughout years of illness, women maintain superior skills and social competences compared to men [2,6] and achieve more favourable treatment results [25–27]. More recent research Ochoa et al. [19] also confirmed longer and more stable remission periods and fewer relapses in women.
Short-term functional outcome and premorbid adjustment in clinical high-risk patients. Results of the EPOS project
2014, European PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :Thus, both of our hypotheses were verified. This result is comparable with those concerning patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses [1,8,13,16,21,40,41,43,60,82,83,96,114,122,126,127]. According to Cannon-Spoor et al. [24], the premorbid period ends six months before first admission to hospital or the onset of florid psychotic symptoms.
Differences in developmental changes in academic and social premorbid adjustment between males and females with schizophrenia
2013, Schizophrenia ResearchCitation Excerpt :Regarding latent structure, prior studies have examined the factor structure of the PAS by collapsing across items from the childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence developmental periods, even though stability of the PAS factor structure across developmental periods cannot be assumed, given evidence for differences in rate of premorbid decline across developmental periods. Also, although there are well-documented sex differences in premorbid decline, which generally indicate better functioning in females with schizophrenia, there is some evidence that these differences are not uniformly reflected across all of the premorbid domain subscales (Gittelman-Klein and Klein, 1969; Childers and Harding, 1990; Larsen et al., 1996a,b; Hoff et al., 1998; however, see Schmael et al., 2007). Therefore, the current study evaluated stability of the PAS factor structure across three developmental periods (childhood, early adolescence, late adolescence) in males and females, and further compared developmentally related changes in academic and social functioning for males and females.
Spanish validation of the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS-S)
2013, Comprehensive PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :In 1941, Wittman developed the Elgin Prognostic Scale [8], the first major scale that quantified the dimensions of premorbid function. Since then, several scales have been created to measure this period such as: the Phillips Scale [9]; the Asocial Adjustment Scale [10]; the Premorbid Adjustment Survey [11]; and the Kantor Scale [12]. However, a standard scale was necessary to achieve scientific rigor and comparability between studies and to serve as a common denominator.
The meaning of childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms in patients with a first-episode of schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis
2011, Schizophrenia ResearchCitation Excerpt :The characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia and spectrum disorders, which typically emerge in late adolescence or early adulthood, are preceded in a substantial proportion of individuals by a broad range of childhood behavioral abnormalities (Mehl, 1962; Gittelman-Klein and Klein, 1969; Fish et al., 1992; Cannon et al., 2009), which are central to a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia (Weinberger, 1987; Murray and Lewis, 1987).