Quasithermodynamic treatment of nonuniform systems. I. Adsorption

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Abstract

A quasithermodynamic model of nonuniform systems is analyzed from the point of view of statistical mechanics. It is shown that the chemical potential at a point in a nonuniform system consists of terms accounting for: (1) the chemical potential of a bulk, uniform system having the density of the respective point; (2) the direct action of the external potential; and (3) the influence of the nonuniformity of the density surrounding the point. The last term is proportional to the second-order derivative of the density with respect to the distance. An equation is established for the coefficient of proportionality. The chemical equilibrium condition provides a second-order nonlinear differential equation for the local density as a function of position. The equation is solved numerically for a fluid adsorbed on a solid wall. A discussion of size-sensitive and size-insensitive adsorption is included.

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