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The nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis of the medulla oblongata is a highly sensitive site in the production of morphine analgesia in the rat

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    Various neurochemicals participate in pain mediation in the aforementioned structures. Injection of d,l-homocysteic acid (Lovick, 1986) or opiates (Takagi et al., 1977; Kaneko et al., 1983) into the LPGi induces analgesia in rats. The LPGi contains enkephalin terminals and neurons (Takagi et al., 1978; Hokfelt et al., 1979; Menetrey and Basbaum, 1987), glutamate neurons (Kihara and Kubo, 1991) and serotonergic cells (Skagerberg and Björklund, 1985; Chen et al., 2003).

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    Pain can be also controlled by central mechanisms, of which a representative example is the descending inhibitory pathway arising in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) and projecting to the dorsal horn of spinal cord through the nucleus raphe magnus and the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis. Microinjection of low dose of opiates directly into specific regions of the ascending pain pathway, and inhibitory descending pathway produces a powerful antinociception by inhibiting the activity of the nociceptive neurons [20]. PAG and the dorsal horn of spinal cord are the most sensitive regions to morphine of those pathways.

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