Population screening for cancer of the cervix with irrigation smears

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(66)90409-1

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volume 96, Issue 5, 1 November 1966, Pages 605-613

https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(66)90409-1 Get rights and content

Abstract

Using the self-obtained irrigation smear technique, a selective screening program was carried out in Washington County, Maryland, in 1963 and 1965. A 78 per cent participation rate was achieved with a yield of 7.8 cancers per 1,000 asymptomatic women in the 1963 screening. The participation rate in 1965 was 74 per cent with a yield of 4.0 per 1,000. Selective screening with the self-obtained irrigation smear offers an efficient technique for community control of cancer of the cervix.

References (22)

H.J. Davis
Am. J. Obst. & Gynec
(1962)
J.E. MacGregor et al.
Lancet
(1966)
M.G. Sadugor et al.
Am. J. Obst. & Gynec
(1948)
D.A. Boyes et al.
Brit. M. J
(1962)
E. Bredahl et al.
Acta cytol
(1965)
W.M. Christopherson
Acta cytol
(1966)
College of American Pathologists—Survey of Cytotechnology Facilities
(1963)
J.E. Dunn
Cancer
(1953)
J.E. Dunn et al.
J. Nat. Cancer Inst
(1959)

R.M. Graham et al.

Obst. & Gynec

(1965)

Cited by (8)

Family planning: An expanded role for paramedical personnel
1971, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
It is widely accepted today that the world is faced with an extremely critical problem in terms of the high rates of population growth that presently exists in a large part of the world. While some argue about the limits of family planning and present methods of contraception, this paper presents the case for a more rational approach utilizing existing technology.
Three questions are asked: Is a pelvic examination necessary prior to the prescription of oral contraceptives and does it significantly reduce the risk of complication of oral contraception? If pelvic examination is necessary, are there significant differences between examination conducted by a physician as compared to one by a paramedic? Can a simple checklist be prepared for use by the paramedic? It is concluded that the major indication for a pelvic examination is to take a Papanicolaou smear, and, if facilities for reading smears are available, paramedics can easily be taught to obtain the smear. When cytologic examination is impossible, an argument is developed that there is no significant increased risk in the omission of a pelvic examination altogether. Evidence is also presented to suggest that paramedical personnel with proper training and supervision can insert the IUD as safely as insertion by most physicians. Finally, a simple checklist is presented for use by the paramedic. It is argued that the present controversy concerning oral contraception does not affect the rationale for the prescription by personnel other than physicians. A plea is made to the medical profession to be more realistic and practical in setting standards of good medical practice.
Birth control experience in Taiwan
1971, Contraception
The main contraceptive method used in Taiwan's family planning program has been the Lippes loop which is supplemented, by oral contraceptive pills and condoms. Taiwan's experience on loop and pill use indicates that the loop gives better continuation rates than the pill and that continuation rates can be improved to some extent by intensive follow-up and education of acceptors. Among various sizes of loop and types of pill, the 30 mm loop seems to fit Taiwanese women best and the lower-dose estrogen pill with 28 pills per cycle seems to be most acceptable in Taiwan. Long term use of the loop does cause intensification of calcium deposition which does not seem to increase the incidence of removal, nor to increase the incidence of carcinoma beyond the range reported for the total population. The loop program in Taiwan has had a significant impact on fertility subsequent to acceptance even when loop use is discontinued.
The irrigation smear. A comparative trial of vaginal irrigation pipette and spatula smears in the detection of cervical cancer
1970, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
A survey of 2,350 women, comparing doctor/nurse-collected scrape smears and self-collected cytopipette smears, has shown around an 85 per cent detection rate for cancer with the cytopipette, though a less efficient rate for dysplasia. As the purpose of the “do-it-herself” pipette is to alert to disease by a relatively cheap method, it is felt that the instrument is worthy of consideration and development as there is little doubt that the principle is sound and effective, though the design of pipette and its contents may not yet be ideal. The test in no way replaces a scrape smear with clinical examination where this is practicable.
Mass screening for cervical cancer in taiwan from 1974 to 1984
1989, Cancer
Venereal factors in human cervical cancer. Evidence from marital clusters
1977, Cancer
Screening high-risk populations: A challenge to primary medical care
1976, Journal of Community Health

View all citing articles on Scopus

^☆: Aided by a grant from The American Cancer Society, Maryland Division.

^☆☆: Presented at the Eighty-ninth Annual Meeting of the American Gynecological Society, Hot Springs, Virginia, June 2–4, 1966.

View full text

Transactions of the Eighty-ninth Annual Meeting of the American Gynecological SocietyPopulation screening for cancer of the cervix with irrigation smears☆,☆☆

Abstract

Am. J. Obst. & Gynec

Lancet

Am. J. Obst. & Gynec

Brit. M. J

Acta cytol

Acta cytol

College of American Pathologists—Survey of Cytotechnology Facilities

Cancer

J. Nat. Cancer Inst

Obst. & Gynec

Transactions of the Eighty-ninth Annual Meeting of the American Gynecological Society
Population screening for cancer of the cervix with irrigation smears☆,☆☆