Review ArticleExperimental Models for the Study of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Current Usefulness and Future Promise
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Autophagy modulation by irbesartan mitigates the pulmonary fibrotic alterations in bleomycin challenged rats: Comparative study with rapamycin
2022, Life SciencesCitation Excerpt :In the BLM and RAPA-treated group, RAPA (2.5 mg/kg/day; 2.5 ml/kg) was administered by gastric gavage for 14 days [28,29]. The rats' body weight was assessed before the experiment began on day 0, weekly during the study, and on day 28 of sacrificial cervical decapitation [32]. Individual lungs' wet and dry masses were quantified.
Bleomycin in the setting of lung fibrosis induction: From biological mechanisms to counteractions
2015, Pharmacological ResearchCitation Excerpt :The onset of fibrosis in this model can be biochemically and histologically observed by day 14, with a maximal response usually recorded around days 21–28. Unfortunately, in the murine model, lung impairment after intratracheal BLM is self-limiting, since the fibrosis resolves after 28 days of drug administration, and in C57Bl/6J mice lung function is recovered at about 6 weeks from the initial administration [27–29]. In brief, the use of experimental animal models allowed the identification of specific patterns and mechanisms of BLM-induced lung fibrosis, such as the characteristic patchy parenchymal inflammation, the reactive epithelial hyperplasia together with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, the activation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, the formation of fibroblast foci, basement membrane damage, injury and apoptosis of alveolar epithelium, turnover and remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) components.
Evaluation of the antifibrotic effect of fenofibrate and rosiglitazone on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats
2012, European Journal of PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Bleomycin instillation elicited an inflammatory phase and a fibrotic phase, and the “switch” between inflammation and fibrosis appears to occur around the ninth day after instillation. So, these changes in rats' body weights could be attributed to the development of severe inflammation in the early phase after bleomycin instillation (Molina et al., 2007; Moeller et al., 2008). Bleomycin instillation was accompanied by a significant accumulation of water in the lungs, as indicated by the fluid content (Genovese et al., 2005a; Oku et al., 2008).
In vivo and in vitro lung mechanics by forced oscillations: Effect of bleomycin challenge
2012, Respiratory Physiology and NeurobiologyCitation Excerpt :Bleomycin challenge has been extensively used to study the pathophysiology of lung fibrosis and the relationship between changes in extracellular matrix components and biomechanical behavior of lung parenchyma (Dolhnikoff et al., 1999; Molina-Molina et al., 2007; Moeller et al., 2008; Pinart et al., 2009). Even though disease progression varies depending on the route of bleomycin administration (Scotton and Chambers, 2010), intratracheal instillation of bleomycin yields two distinct pathological phases: an early inflammatory phase, with alveolitis, interstitial edema and influx of inflammatory cells into lung parenchyma; and a late phase, characterized by myofibroblast proliferation, and deposition of matrix components (Bowden, 1984; Hay et al., 1991; Dolhnikoff et al., 1999; Molina-Molina et al., 2007; Pinart et al., 2009), resulting in pulmonary architecture distortion. Following bleomycin challenge, modifications in the oscillatory mechanics of lung tissue both in vivo and in vitro are caused by structural modifications of ECM (Dolhnikoff et al., 1999).
A phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ inhibitor, AS605240 prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats
2010, Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsCitation Excerpt :Although bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model was doubted whether it well mimic IPF, it has been widely used in researches about pulmonary fibrosis in recent years. More researchers regard this animal model as a good one since it can be easily reproduced and it involves many aspects similar to IPF such as alveolitis in early stage of IPF [19]. Intratracheal administration of bleomycin induces acute alveolitis and interstitial inflammation, defined by the sequential recruitment of leukocytes [20].
Liver Growth Factor Improves Pulmonary Fibrosis Secondary to Cadmium Administration in Mice
2010, Archivos de Bronconeumologia