Occurrence of Mycobacterium spp. and other pathogens in lymph nodes of slaughtered swine and wild boars (Sus scrofa)

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.06.009

Research in Veterinary Science

Volume 90, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 185-188

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.06.009 Get rights and content

Abstract

Mycobacterium spp. and other pathogens were investigated in 258 swine lymph nodes (129 with and 129 without apparent lesions), and 120 lymph nodes (60 with and 60 without lesions) from wild boars (Sus scrofa). A total of lymph nodes from swine and wild boars were collected of different animals. Submaxillar and mesenteric lymph nodes were submitted to microbiological examination and colonies suggestive of Mycobacterium spp. (alcohol–acid bacilli) were submitted to PCR Restriction Assay (PRA). In swine with lymphadenitis, Mycobacterium spp. (24.1%) and Rhodococcus equi (13.2%) were the most prevalent microorganisms, while in lymph nodes without lesions were identified a complex of microorganisms, including of environmental mycobacteria. In wild boars with lymphadenitis, ß-haemolytic Streptococcus (10.0%), Mycobacterium spp (8.4%) and R. equi (6.6%) were the most frequent. Among mycobacterias were identified predominantly Mycobacterium avium subspecies type 1 (48.3%) and M. avium subspecies type 2 (16.1%), followed by Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum and Mycobacterium intracellulare type 2.

Section snippets

Acknowledgment

We would like to thank to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do estado de São Paulo (Fapesp) for financial support (06/59298-5).

References (30)

L. Makrai et al.
Characterization of virulence plasmids in Rhodococcus equi isolates from foals, pigs, humans and soil in Hungary
Veterinary Microbiology
(2002)
L. Makrai et al.
Isolation and characterization of Rhodococcus equi from submaxillary lymph nodes of wild boars (Sus scrofa)
Veterinary Microbiology
(2008)
V. Naranjo et al.
Evidence of the role of European wild boar as a reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Veterinary Microbiology
(2008)
P. Ramasoota et al.
Comparison of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) strains from pigs and humans in Sweden by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using standardized reagents
Veterinary Microbiology
(2001)
P.N. Acha et al.
Zoonoses y Enfermidades Transmisibles Comunes al Hombre y los Animales
(2003)
E. Bollo et al.
Detection of M. tuberculosis complex in lymph nodes of wild boar (Sus scrofa) by a target–amplitude test system
Journal of Veterinary Medicine B
(2000)
A.F.P. Castro et al.
Opportunist mycobacteria isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of apparently healthy pigs in São Paulo, Brazil
Review of Microbiology
(1978)
Z. Cvetnić et al.
Mycobacterium infection of pigs in Croatia
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica
(2007)
Fundação Nacional de Saúde, 1994. Manual de Bacteriologia de Tuberculose, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga....
Ibama, 2005. Brazilian Institute of the Environment and the Natural Resources. Portaria no. 102/98, de 15 de julho de...

Komijn, R.E., Wisselink, H.J., Rijsman, V.M., Stockhofe-Zurwieden, N., Bakker, D., van Ziderveld, F.G., Eger, T.,...

C.C. Lai et al.

Fatal meningitis caused by Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum in a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Clinical Infectious Diseases

(2008)

S.C. Leão et al.

Identification of two novel Mycobacterium avium allelic variants by PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA) in pig and human isolates from Brazil

Journal of Clinical Microbiology

(1999)

S.C. Leão et al.

Practical Handbook for the Phenotypic and Genotypic Identification of Mycobacteria. Financial support of the European Commission International Co-operation (INCO) for Developing countries (DEV) concerted Action (CA)

(2004)

W.J. Meng et al.

Wild boars as sources for infections diseases in livestock and humans

Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society of London. Serie B Biological Sciences

(2009)

Cited by (49)

Coryneform Gram-Positive Bacilli
2022, Encyclopedia of Infection and Immunity
Coryneforms bacilli are gram-positive bacteria, also known as diphtheroids, due to irregular rod-shaped morphology. They cover a wide range of genera, such as Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Dermabacter, Microbacterium and Cellulomonas. The genus Corynebacterium is a very heterogeneous group of species. They are gram-positive bacteria whose oxygen, form and environment requirements differ from each other.
Because they constitute an exceptionally large group, in this article we will only expose the best-known species that belong to the genus Corynebacterium. We will talk about the most frequent infectious pathologies, the appropriate treatment to follow and which of them usually present multidrug resistance to antibiotics.
They are usually part of the normal microbiota of the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. These ubiquitous bacteria have also been found in foods such as dairy products in plants and soil.
Most of the species in this group have traditionally been considered as saprophytic and harmless bacteria, which are part of the normal microbiota of different human areas and can behave as opportunistic pathogens in especially sensitive patients.
Except for the species C. diphtheriae, whose pathogenicity is not disputed, because it is responsible for diphtheria, a disease known and feared for its mortality, since it was discovered in 1884 by pathologist Edwin Klebs and bacteriologist Friedrich Löffler.
The advances in its identification based on mass spectrometry and the microbiological finding in clinical samples of symptomatic patients reinforce in us a new clinical vision as a pathogen that can cause infections not only in immunocompromised patients.
Survival of Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Trueperella pyogenes in dry-cured Iberian pork shoulders and loins
2017, Food Microbiology
Citation Excerpt :
However, the survival of other pathogens that can infect pigs and may contaminate pork meat at slaughterhouse has not been evaluated. Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Trueperella pyogenes are swine pathogens that can be isolated from healthy pigs (Lara et al., 2011; Lowe et al., 2011) and that can be also involved in a high rate of suppurative lesions of growing pigs that typically result in partial or total carcass condemnation at slaughterhouse (Martínez et al., 2007; Cardoso-Toset et al., 2015). For that reason, cross contamination of pork along the slaughtering, meat inspection and operational handling can occur (Arai et al., 2015).
Dry-cured hams, shoulders and loins of Iberian pigs are highly appreciated in national and international markets. Salting, additive addition and dehydration are the main strategies to produce these ready-to-eat products. Although the dry curing process is known to reduce the load of well-known food borne pathogens, studies evaluating the viability of other microorganisms in contaminated pork have not been performed. In this work, the efficacy of the dry curing process to eliminate three swine pathogens associated with pork carcass condemnation, Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Trueperella pyogenes, was evaluated. Results of this study highlight that the dry curing process is a suitable method to obtain safe ready-to-eat products free of these microorganisms. Although salting of dry-cured shoulders had a moderate bactericidal effect, results of this study suggest that drying and ripening were the most important stages to obtain dry-cured products free of these microorganisms.
Mesenteric lymph node granulomatous lesions in naturally infected wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Portugal—Histological, immunohistochemical and molecular aspects
2016, Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
Citation Excerpt :
The potential role of wildlife in the maintenance and spread of mycobacterial infections, namely tuberculosis and paratuberculosis, in domestic livestock has been widely reported in various countries (Wilson et al., 2009; Lara et al., 2011).
Several studies have demonstrated that wildlife reservoirs of mycobacteria are responsible for the maintenance and spreading of the infection to livestock and wildlife counterparts. Recent data report the role of wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a reservoir for Mycobacterium bovis. This study was conducted to evaluate the chronic inflammatory response in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of wild boar with granulomatous lymphadenitis (n = 30). Morphological parameters of the lesions were recorded. The expression of CD3 and CD79α molecules was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Molecular genotyping and culture to identify mycobacteria were performed. The lesions consisted mainly of stage III and stage IV granulomas. CD3 and CD79α positive cells were observed in 15 (50%) and in 11 (36.6%) MLN, respectively. In these lesions, higher percentages of T lymphocytes were found and a limited number of animals exhibited a tendency for an increased percentage of B lymphocytes. Our results suggest that there are similar percentages and distribution patterns of CD3 and CD79α in the lesions, regardless of the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), M. bovis or Map-M. bovis co-infection, and confirm that wild boar is both susceptible and could be an important Map and M. bovis wild reservoir in the study area.
Veterinary Medicine, Eleventh Edition
2016, Veterinary Medicine, Eleventh Edition
Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium avium complex strains isolated in Argentina by MIRU-VNTR
2017, Epidemiology and Infection
In 2014, the Food and Drug Administration approved a new human papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine (9vHPV), targeting nine HPV types: HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18, which are also targeted by the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV), plus five additional high cancer risk HPV types (HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58). The aim of the current study was to systematically retrieve, qualitatively and quantitatively pool, as well as critically appraise all available evidence on 9vHPV from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conducted a systematic review of the literature on 9vHPV efficacy, immunogenicity and safety, as well as a systematic search of registered, completed, and ongoing RCTs. We retrieved and screened 227 records for eligibility. A total of 10 publications reported on RCTs’ results on 9vHPV and were included in the review. Sixteen RCTs on 9vHPV have been registered on RCT registries. There is evidence that 9vHPV generated a response to HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 that was non-inferior to qHPV. Vaccine efficacy against five additional HPV type-related diseases was directly assessed on females aged 16–26 years (risk reduction against high-grade cervical, vulvar or vaginal disease = 96·7%, 95% CI 80·9%–99·8%). Bridging efficacy was demonstrated for males and females aged 9–15 years and males aged 16–26 years (the lower bound of the 95% CIs of both the geometric mean titer ratio and difference in seroconversion rates meeting the criteria for non-inferiority for all HPV types). Overall, 9vHPV has been proved to be safe and well tolerated. Other RCTs addressed: 9vHPV co-administration with other vaccines, 9vHPV administration in subjects that previously received qHPV and 9vHPV efficacy in regimens containing fewer than three doses. The inclusion of additional HPV types in 9vHPV offers great potential to expand protection against HPV infection. However, the impact of 9vHPV on reducing the global burden of HPV-related disease will greatly depend on vaccine uptake, coverage, availability, and affordability.
The Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Pyogenic Pathogens Isolated from Porcine Lymph Nodes
2023, Antibiotics

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

Article preview

Research in Veterinary Science

Abstract

Section snippets

Acknowledgment

References (30)

Characterization of virulence plasmids in Rhodococcus equi isolates from foals, pigs, humans and soil in Hungary

Veterinary Microbiology

Isolation and characterization of Rhodococcus equi from submaxillary lymph nodes of wild boars (Sus scrofa)

Veterinary Microbiology

Evidence of the role of European wild boar as a reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Veterinary Microbiology

Comparison of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) strains from pigs and humans in Sweden by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using standardized reagents

Veterinary Microbiology

Zoonoses y Enfermidades Transmisibles Comunes al Hombre y los Animales

Detection of M. tuberculosis complex in lymph nodes of wild boar (Sus scrofa) by a target–amplitude test system

Journal of Veterinary Medicine B

Opportunist mycobacteria isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of apparently healthy pigs in São Paulo, Brazil

Review of Microbiology

Mycobacterium infection of pigs in Croatia

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

Fatal meningitis caused by Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum in a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Identification of two novel Mycobacterium avium allelic variants by PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA) in pig and human isolates from Brazil

Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Practical Handbook for the Phenotypic and Genotypic Identification of Mycobacteria. Financial support of the European Commission International Co-operation (INCO) for Developing countries (DEV) concerted Action (CA)

Wild boars as sources for infections diseases in livestock and humans

Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society of London. Serie B Biological Sciences

Cited by (49)

Coryneform Gram-Positive Bacilli

Survival of Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Trueperella pyogenes in dry-cured Iberian pork shoulders and loins

Mesenteric lymph node granulomatous lesions in naturally infected wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Portugal—Histological, immunohistochemical and molecular aspects

Veterinary Medicine, Eleventh Edition

Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium avium complex strains isolated in Argentina by MIRU-VNTR

The Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Pyogenic Pathogens Isolated from Porcine Lymph Nodes