Cardiovascular pharmacologyEffect of Transdermal Hormone Replacement Therapy on the Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Concentrations and Other Vascular Inflammatory Markers and on Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal Women
Section snippets
Subjects
Sixty-six postmenopausal Japanese women participated in this study. Each subject had experienced natural menopause for ≥1 year at the time of entry into the study. Menopausal status was confirmed by a serum estradiol concentration <20 pg/ml and a serum follicle-stimulating hormone concentration >40 mIU/ml. None of the subjects smoked or had a history of thyroid disease, liver disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hormone-dependent malignancy, or breast cancer. None
Results
There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to age and the baseline values (Table 1, Table 2, Table 3). HRT increased estradiol concentrations and decreased follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations. Lipid profiles in the 2 groups remained unchanged throughout the study (Table 1).
MCP-1 concentrations at baseline were similar in the 2 groups. MCP-1 concentrations decreased significantly in the HRT group (p <0.001) but did not change in the control group (Figure 1).
Discussion
Estradiol has decreased MCP-1 messenger ribonucleic acid and circulating MCP-1 concentrations in animal13 and human studies.10, 14, 15 In rabbits fed a cholesterol-enriched diet, physiologic doses of estradiol dose-dependently reduced MCP-1 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression in the thoracic aorta tissue to values observed in ovary-intact rabbits,13 and estradiol has been found to dose-dependently downregulate MCP-1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in human coronary artery
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