Elsevier

Tubercle

Volume 63, Issue 1, March 1982, Pages 23-35

Retrospective assessment of the effectiveness of BCG vaccination against tuberculosis using the case-control method

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-3879(82)80006-8Get rights and content

Summary

It is proposed that case-control studies might be used to assess the effect on the incidence of tuberculosis of the mass BCG vaccination campaigns that were conducted in many countries in Africa and Asia from the 1950s onwards. The cost of such studies would be relatively small and they could be completed within a year or two. The results would assist countries in planning their future strategies for tuberculosis control and information on the variation in the protective effect of BCG in a number of different areas in less developed countries may give clues to the reasons for such variation. It is suggested that case-control studies should be designed to include about 200 cases and 3 or 4 times as many controls. The cases should be selected for age such that at the time of the mass vaccination campaign they will have been in an age group in which 20 % or less were tuberculin positive.

The same approach may be used to assess the effectiveness of giving BCG at birth, provided that this policy has been adopted for some years, coverage has been good (about 50 % to 80 %) and there are reasonable facilities for diagnosing tuberculosis in children.

Résumé

L'auteur suggèr.e que les études de cas et témoins pourraient être utilisées pour évaluer l'effet, sur l'incidence de la tuberculose, des campagnes de masse de vaccination par le BCG qui ont été menées dans de nombreux pays d'Afrique et d'Asie depuis les années 50. Le coût de telles études serait relativement faible et elles pourraient être terminées en un an ou deux. Les résultats aideraient les pays à préparer leur stratégie future de lutte contre la tuberculose et l'information concernant les différences dans l'effet protecteur entre certaines zones de pays moins développés pourraient permettre de trouver les raisons de ces variations.

L'auteur estime que ces études de cas et témoins devraient inclure environ 200 cas et 3 ou 4 fois plus de témoins. Les cas devraient être choisis au point de vue de l'âge de façon telle quau moment de la campagne de vaccination de masse, ils appartenaient à un groupe d'âge dans lequel 20%, ou moins, de sujets étaient tuberculino-positifs.

Le problème de l'efficacité de la vaccination à la naissance pourrait étre abordé de la même manière à condition que cette politique ait été adoptée depuis quelques années, que le pourcentage des sujets vaccinés ait été bon (environ 60 à 80 %) et qu'il existe des moyens raisonnables pour diagnostiquer la tuberculose chez l'enfant.

Resumen

Se propone realizar estudios de casos y de testigos para evaluar el efecto que tienen sobre la incidencia de la tuberculosis las campaňas masivas de vacunación con BCG realizadas en varios paises de Africa y Asia a partir de 1950. El costo de dichos estudios seria relativamente poco elevado y su duración de 1 a 2 aňos. Los resultados serian de utilidad a los paises en la planificatión de sus estrategias futuras de lucha contra la tuberculosis y la información obtenida sobre la variación del efecto protector del BCG en regiones diferentes de paises con un grado de desarrollo menor, puede proporcionar claves para dilucidar las razones de esa variación. Se sugiere que los estudios de casos y de testigos se planifiquen de manera de incluir aproximadamente 200 casos y un número de testigos 3 a 4 veces mayor. En lo que se refiere a la edad, los casos deberian elegirse de modo que en el momento de la campaňa masiva de vacunación hubieran estado dentro de un grupo en el cual 20% o menos eran tuberculino-positivos.

El mismo procedimiento puede ser empleado para evaluar la eficacia de la vacunación con BCG al nacer, a condición de que esta politica haya estado en práctica durante varios aňos, que la cobertura sea elevada (50 a 80 %) y de queexistan medios suficientes para diagnosticar la tuberculosis en los niňos.

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