Original ArticlesKinetic and fuel property effects on forward smoldering combustion
Section snippets
Nomenclature
- A
frequency factor
- c
specific heat
- D
diffusion coefficient
- d
pore diameter
- Ea
activation energy
- f
exponent
- g
exponent
- hA‴
volumetric heat transfer coefficient
- hmA‴
volumetric mass transfer coefficient
- k
conductivity
- m
exponent
- n
stoichiometric coefficient
- R
gas constant
- T
temperature
- u
gas velocity
- v
smolder velocity
- V
diffusion gas velocity
- x
coordinate
- y
mass fraction
Numerical model
In this study, we solve the one-dimensional time-dependent conservation equations for the solid and the gas. The domain for these computations is shown in Fig. 1. The entire domain initially consists of unreacted fuel. Air flows in at the right boundary. Ignition is initiated by holding the right boundary at a specified temperature. The reaction zone in these simulations propagates from right to left.
Results
In this section, the results from the one-dimensional simulations of forward smoldering are presented. The geometry is shown in Fig. 1. We first simulate a case similar to that studied experimentally by Torero and Fernandez-Pello [5]. Then the importance of various parameters on the smoldering process is examined. In the base case described below, we include the effects of chemistry, transport, and convective and radiative heat transfer.
Summary and conclusions
In this paper, results of one-dimensional transient simulations of forward smoldering were presented. Fuel oxidation and pyrolysis as well as a char oxidation reaction were included in this model. A base case was chosen to represent a case experimentally studied by Torero and Fernandez-Pello [5]. The numerical model confirms their interpretations of the experimental results that an endothermic pyrolysis front is followed by an exothermic oxidative front, and after some time char oxidation
Acknowledgements
This work was sponsored by the Applied Research Laboratories at the University of Texas at Austin through the Office of Naval Research.
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