Original ArticlesSecond nonocular tumors in survivors of heritable retinoblastoma and prior radiation therapy☆
Section snippets
Methods
The medical records of all retinoblastoma patients examined at the Mayo Clinic between January 1, 1941, and December 31, 1990, were retrospectively reviewed. The following epidemiologic characteristics were obtained on all patients: gender, laterality, family history, age and Reese-Ellsworth classification at diagnosis, and therapeutic modality. An attempt was made to quantitate the radiation dosage received in patients who underwent either radium application, brachytherapy, or external beam
Results
In this retrospective study that spanned 50 years at one institution, 180 patients (84 males and 96 females) with retinoblastoma were identified. One hundred four (58%) of the 180 children had unilateral retinoblastoma, and 76 (42%) had bilateral disease. The mean age at diagnosis for patients with unilateral disease was 24 months, whereas bilateral involvement was diagnosed at a mean age of 15 months. A family history of retinoblastoma was contributory in six (6%) unilaterally affected
Discussion
Children who live in medically advanced nations and who harbor the hereditary form of retinoblastoma are more likely to die of a second nonocular tumor than from disseminated retinoblastoma. Although the occurrence of these second tumors is well recognized, there is some controversy regarding their incidence. Early reports attributed their development to radiation alone. Sagerman and associates26 reported that the incidence of radiation-induced neoplasia correlates with the dose and estimated
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This study was supported in part by research Grant EY08039 from the National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, and a grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc, New York, New York.