Alveolar plate fenestrations and dehiscences of the human skull

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(70)90429-9

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology

Volume 29, Issue 6, June 1970, Pages 816-819

Oral Surgery, Oral M...

https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(70)90429-9 Get rights and content

Summary

A total of 108 adult Mexican Indian skulls were examined for the presence of alveolar plate fenestrations and dehiscences. The results of this study indicate the following:

1. Maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth exhibit more fenestrations and dehiscences than posterior teeth.
2. Maxillary first molars and cuspids and mandibular cuspids are most often associated with fenestrations and dehiscences.
3. Fenestrations and dehiscences are commonly associated with prominent tooth roots.
4. Fenestrations and dehiscences are also found in young adult skulls.
5. No relationship could be found between the number of fenestrations and dehiscences present and the age of the skull.

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Cited by (53)

Evaluation of facial alveolar bone thickness and fenestration of the maxillary premolars
2022, Archives of Oral Biology
Citation Excerpt :
The first premolar has clinical importance both because it is in the aesthetic zone and because of the number and location of the roots in the alveolar bone. Previous studies using dry skulls reported the prevalence of fenestrations in maxillary premolar teeth ranging from 0.50 % to 14 % in different ethnic groups and the other studies using CBCT reported the fenestration rate ranging from 1.35 % to 36.78 % in different populations (detailed in Table 4) (Abdelmalek & Bissada, 1973; Davies et al., 1974; Edel, 1981; Grimoud et al., 2017; Jorgić-Srdjak et al., 1998; Larato, 1974; Nimigean et al., 2009; Pan et al., 2014; Volchansky & Vieira, 1981; Yagci et al., 2012). In the present study, the prevalence of fenestrations in first and second premolars was found at 52 % and 9 %, respectively.
The objective of this study was to retrospectively investigate the facial alveolar bone (FAB) thickness and fenestration rate of maxillary first and second premolars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
A total of CBCT images of 66 patients were selected and 200 maxillary premolar (100 first and 100 second premolar) were included. The FAB thicknesses were measured at 1,3 and 5 mm apical to the alveolar bone peak. The prevalence of fenestration in maxillary premolars was recorded. The statistical analyses were performed.
The FAB thicknesses of the second premolars (1.39 mm at 1 mm, 1.42 mm at 3 mm, and 1.22 mm at 5 mm) were significantly higher than the first premolars (1.11 mm at 1 mm, 0.70 mm at 3 mm, and 0.48 mm at 5 mm) at 1, 3, and 5 mm levels (p < 0.05). The lowest prevalence (1 %) of the thickness of FAB ≥ 2 mm was in the first premolar has at 5 mm apical of the alveolar bone peak. The overall prevalence of fenestration in maxillary premolars was found as 30.5 %. There was a statistically significant difference between first and second premolars (p < 0.05).
The FAB thicknesses are lower in the first premolar than the second premolar. The lowest FAB thickness was in the first premolar at 5 mm apical of the bone crest as 0.42 mm. The prevalence of fenestration in maxillary premolars was higher in the Turkish subpopulation than in other populations. Fenestration was more common in the maxillary first premolar.
The effects of dehiscence and fenestration before orthodontic treatment on external apical root resorption in maxillary incisors
2021, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dehiscence and fenestration on external apical root resorption (EARR) in maxillary incisors.
Seventy-eight patients were selected for this study. We set dehiscence, fenestration, sex, extraction, or nonextraction, tooth position, initial age, and duration of treatment as independent variables and EARR as the dependent variable. General statistical descriptions for these variables were made by mean, standard deviation and occurrence rates, etc. To make the data visualization and find more information, 2 heat maps were made. Generalized estimation equation analysis was performed to determine associations between EARR and independent variables.
The occurrence rates of dehiscence and fenestration in maxillary incisors were 14.77% and 10.74%, respectively. The average value of EARR was 1.09 ± 0.87 mm in this study. Dehiscence, tooth position, extraction, initial age, and duration had significant correlations with EARR. The ratio of exponent B was 1:1.643 for dehiscence and nondehiscence, whereas fenestration and sex had no significant association with EARR.
The amount of EARR at maxillary incisors in patients with dehiscence before orthodontic treatment might be less than that in patients without it, and different incisors might have different contributions to it. However, the low value of exponent B for dehiscence meant that there might be other unknown factors that were involved in this study.
Management and Histobacteriological Findings of Mucosal Fenestration: A Report of 2 Cases
2018, Journal of Endodontics
This article describes 2 unusual cases of mucosal fenestration associated with necrotic infected teeth, resulting in exposure of the root apex to the oral cavity. Both cases consisted of maxillary incisors with pulp necrosis and radiographic/tomographic evidence of apical periodontitis. Clinically, the root apex was exposed to the oral cavity through a fenestration in both bone and mucosa and covered with bacterial plaque and calculus. These teeth were treated by a combination of nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatment. During surgery, the root apices were resected to within the alveolus and the fenestrated area covered by the flap. Specimens consisting of the root apex and surrounding soft tissues were subjected to histopathological and histobacteriological analyses. Histobacteriological analysis revealed extensive resorptive defects on the root apices filled with thick bacterial biofilm, irregular detachment of the cementum layers with consequent infection of the underlying spaces, and heavy infection in the apical foramina. The soft tissue specimens exhibited no or minimal inflammation. The 2 cases showed satisfactory postsurgical healing of the hard and soft tissues. Both cases of mucosal fenestration showed root apices covered with dense bacterial biofilms and associated with a bone crypt with no significant inflammatory tissue therein. The 2 cases were successfully treated by conservative approaches involving a combination of nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatment with root-end resection.
Evaluation of dehiscence and fenestration in adolescents affected by bilateral cleft lip and palate using cone-beam computed tomography
2017, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
We evaluated the dehiscence and fenestration presence in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth of patients affected by bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and compared the findings with a well-matched control group of noncleft patients using cone-beam computed tomography.
Cone-beam computed tomography images of 51 patients were divided into 2 groups (group 1, 21 patients affected by BCLP; mean age; 14.62 ± 2.89 years; and group 2, 30 patients as the noncleft control group; mean age, 14.22 ± 1.05 years) and assessed them for dehiscence and fenestration in the anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth. Data were analyzed with the Student t test, Pearson chi-square test, and Fischer exact test.
The prevalences of dehiscence in patients affected by BCLP were 61.11% in the maxillary and 48.41% in the mandibular anterior teeth, whereas the rates in the noncleft group were 7.78% and 16.67%, respectively (P < 0.001). The presence of fenestration was found to be statistically significantly higher in the maxillary central incisors of the BCLP group compared with the noncleft controls (P < 0.05), and almost similar rates were noted for the other teeth, with no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05).
Our data suggest that patients affected by BCLP may have higher prevalences of dehiscence in the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and of fenestration in the maxillary central incisors.
Predictive factors for alveolar fenestration and dehiscence
2017, HOMO- Journal of Comparative Human Biology
Citation Excerpt :
Tooth position and function seem to be the primary predictive factors. Considering the main resorption locations at the canine and first molar, these correlate well with thin labial/buccal alveolar bone covering the roots (Elliott and Bowers, 1983; Larato, 1970; Stahl et al., 1963; Temple et al., 2016). Additionally, crown and root anatomy are adapted to their function during mastication.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution and incidence of two forms of alveolar bone resorption known as fenestration and dehiscence across time and space. To accomplish this a Medieval French population was studied and the results were compared with other studies to examine incidence and distribution of alveolar bone resorption. Thus, 1175 teeth were analysed for 81 individuals, from an agropastoral Medieval (12th–14th century) archaeological site of Vilarnau located in the South of France. Tooth presence and absence as well as dental alveolar resorption were recorded. A new standardised methodological approach to record alveolar resorption is presented and can be used for any skeletonised series. Measurements of dehiscence were made in the midline on each root in relation to the cemento-enamel junction and fenestration was considered as resorption restricted to alveolar bone. Through analyses of the distribution and incidence of alveolar bone resorption over-time in a Medieval French population, along with nine other studies, we present a list of predictive factors for alveolar bone resorption. Among these factors tooth position and function were the most important; anterior teeth were more commonly affected, bone resorption was more common on the labial/buccal versus palatal/lingual surfaces, fenestration was also more common on the maxilla and dehiscence on the mandible (p ≤ 0.001). These patterns do not vary through time or space, and therefore, provide predictive factors for health practitioners in oral therapy to improve patient recovery and post oral treatment success.
Il nous paraît intéressant, d’apporter de nouvelles informations, quant à l’incidence et à la répartition de la résorption alvéolaire, tant en Anthropologie qu’en thérapeutique dentaire.
Notre étude a pour but d’évaluer la répartition et l’incidence des deux types de résorption alvéolaire, la déhiscence et la fenestration, dans une population médiévale française, et de comparer nos données à celles déjà établies par des travaux antérieurs, dans un large éventail de populations, au cours de différentes époques. Nous présentons une nouvelle approche méthodologique, standardisée et reproductible.
Nous avons étudié 1175 dents appartenant à 81 individus, d’une population agropastorale médiévale (12^e – 14^e siècle) provenant du site archéologique de Vilarnau, dans le sud de la France. Nous avons relevé les dents présentes et absentes, ainsi que les déhiscences et les fenestrations de l’os alvéolaire maxillaire. La mesure des déhiscences a été réalisée, sur chaque racine, à partir du milieu de la ligne de jonction amélo-cémentaire, et les fenestrations correspondaient à une résorption limitée de l’os alvéolaire.
Nos résultats montrent que, la répartition est symétrique, les fenestrations plus fréquemment présentes au niveau du maxillaire et les déhiscences au niveau de la mandibule (p ≤ 0.001) ; fenestrations et déhiscences étant plus fréquentes au niveau antérieur.
Ainsi, cette étude donne la répartition et l’incidence de la résorption de l’os alvéolaire pour une population médiévale et les compare aux données établies dans d’autres études, le schéma restant sensiblement le même au cours du temps et dans l’espace des populations.
Multivariate analysis of alveolar bone dehiscence and fenestration in anterior teeth after orthodontic treatment: A retrospective study
2024, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research

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Alveolar plate fenestrations and dehiscences of the human skull

Summary

Oral Surg.