Carnitine: The carrier transporting fatty acyls into mitochondria by means of an electrochemical gradient of H+
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Cited by (34)
Effects of low-levels of three hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers on the metabolic profiles of pak choi leaves using high-throughput untargeted metabolomics approach
2018, Environmental PollutionCitation Excerpt :Sebacic acid was significantly up-regulated only by exposure to β-HBCD. The first five metabolites listed belong to the class of fatty acyls, which are first activated in the cytoplasm by conversion to acylcarnitines and are subsequently transported to the mitochondria and peroxisomes, where fatty acyl β-oxidation occurs (Levitsky and Skulachev, 1972). The effect in the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids was due to a notable reduction (above 45%) in the activity of one rate-limiting enzyme in the β-oxidation process, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (Wang et al., 2016).
Effects of lipophilic dications on planar bilayer phospholipid membrane and mitochondria
2007, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - BioenergeticsCitation Excerpt :Lipophilic penetrating cations have been introduced as tool to monitor membrane potential across mitochondrial and bacterial membranes [1–3]. It was also suggested that these cations can be used as “electric locomotives” to accumulate inside mitochondria electroneutral residues attached to these cations [4–8]. Such a principle was recently successfully employed by Murphy and co-workers to target antioxidants like CoQ or vitamin E to mitochondria [7–9] (for reviews, see refs. 10,11).
Thyroid-hormone effects on putative biochemical pathways involved in UCP3 activation in rat skeletal muscle mitochondria
2005, FEBS LettersCitation Excerpt :This supports the notion [33] of a functional interaction between CoA thioesterase and UCP3 in T3-mediated uncoupling. However, it should be mentioned that an additional event that may participate to the phenomena observed in hyperthyroid rats could be an increase in the permeability to the protonated palmitoyl–carnitine cation [35,36]. Previous data have demonstrated that T3 is able to catalyze an FA-inducible proton-conductance, rather than the basal proton-conductance, since in the presence of BSA, a FA chelator, or in the absence of added FA, the difference in proton-conductance between euthyroid and hyperthyroid mitochondria disappears [11].
Palmitoylcarnitine, a surface-active metabolite
1996, FEBS LettersInteraction of cartinine with mitochondrial cardiolipin
1992, BBA - General Subjects