Elsevier

Virology

Volume 358, Issue 1, 5 February 2007, Pages 69-78
Virology

Time dependence of protective post-exposure prophylaxis with human monoclonal antibodies against pathogenic SHIV challenge in newborn macaques

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2006.07.056Get rights and content
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Abstract

In a primate model of postnatal virus transmission, we have previously shown that 1 h post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with a triple combination of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nmAbs) conferred sterilizing protection to neonatal macaques against oral challenge with pathogenic simian–human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). Here, we show that nmAbs can also partially protect SHIV-exposed newborn macaques against infection or disease, when given as 12 or 24 h PEP, respectively.

This work delineates the potential and the limits of passive immunoprophylaxis with nmAbs. Even though 24 h PEP with nmAbs did not provide sterilizing immunity to neonatal monkeys, it contained viremia and protected infants from acute disease. Taken together with our results from other PEP studies, these data show that the success of passive immunization depends on the nmAb potency/dose and the time window between virus exposure and start of immunotherapy.

Keywords

Post-exposure prophylaxis
Passive immunization
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies
Pathogenic simian–human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)
Rhesus macaques
Oral infection

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