Assembly of the Siberian Craton: Constraints from Paleoproterozoic granitoids

doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105869

Precambrian Research

Volume 348, 15 September 2020, 105869

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105869 Get rights and content

Highlights

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The Siberian craton had completed its assembly in the Paleoproterozoic.
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Paleoproterozoic granitoids record the history of the Siberian craton assembly.
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Granitoids in the Siberian craton reveal major events of magmatic activity.

Abstract

The paper presents a synthesis of geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data on Paleoproterozoic granitoids in the Siberian craton and, in some cases, on volcanics related to these granitoids. Different evolution stages of the craton, including its assembly, are recorded in several major events in the history of Paleoproterozoic granitic magmatism. They are 2.52–2.40 Ga and 2.15–2.04 Ga granitoids of different tectonic settings; 2.06–2.00 Ga subduction-related granitoids; 2.00–1.87 Ga collisional granitoids; 1.88–1.84 postcollisional granitoids, and 1.76–1.71 Ga within-plate (anorogenic) varieties. Granitoids with ages of 2.5–2.4 Ga and 2.15–2.04 Ga are distributed locally in separate blocks and terranes which later entered the craton structure. These rocks are of different types and represent different tectonic settings of the respective blocks and terranes, i.e., the Siberian craton did not exist yet as a single unit at that time. The 2.06–2.00 Ga subduction-related granitoids and volcanics are found in the southern and southeastern craton parts. Magmatism of that time interval probably was associated with subduction beneath the Archean Olekma-Aldan and Anabar continental microplates and with the formation of their active margins. Granitoids of the 2.00–1.87 Ga age interval represent a collisional stage of the craton evolution. Collisional granitoids that intruded between 2.00 and 1.95 Ga record the first large-scale stage of craton assembly with collisions of terranes that had built the core of the Anabar, Aldan, and Olenek superterranes. The intrusions of 1.95–1.90 Ga granitoids mark the consolidation of the southeastern craton part. Collisional granitoids with the 1.90–1.87 Ga ages, which are especially abundant in the south and southwest of the craton but almost lack from the north, led to general assembly of the craton. The granitoid and volcanic magmatic activity of 1.88–1.84 Ga in the craton south produced the South Siberian postcollisional magmatic belt that had completed the assembly of the craton which, in its turn, may have been part of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent of Columbia. Granitic intrusions at 1.76–1.71 Ga are limited to the southwestern and southeastern craton parts and correspond to a setting of continental extension which never led to the breakup of the craton.

Graphical abstract

Introduction

The Siberian craton, a major Precambrian tectonic unit in Northern Eurasia, had completed its assembly in the Paleoproterozoic (Khain, 2000, Rosen, 2003, Gladkochub et al., 2006, Mazukabzov et al., 2006, Smelov and Timofeev, 2007, Glebovitsky et al., 2008a). Some aspects of the structure and history of the carton still remain poorly understood. Both early models (Grishin et al., 1977, Gafarov et al., 1978, Rundkvist et al., 1988) and recent reconstructions based on new geological, geophysical, and isotope-geochemical data (Rosen, 2003, Gladkochub et al., 2006, Smelov and Timofeev, 2007, Glebovitsky et al., 2008a, Priyatkina et al., 2020) bear much uncertainty, because the craton is buried under Neoproterozoic–Phanerozoic sediments over more than 70% of its territory.

The history of large tectonic units can be read from granitic rocks which formed in island arc, active continental margin, collisional, within-plate or other tectonic settings (Pitcher, 1983, Pearce et al., 1984, Barbarin, 1999, Rosen and Fedorovsky, 2001). The ages, structure, isotope systematics, and formation conditions of Paleoproterozoic granitoids widespread in uplifted and exposed basement inliers throughout the Siberian craton can provide insights into its evolution.

This paper presents a synthesis of available geological, geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data on Paleoproterozoic granitic rocks and related felsic volcanics from the Siberian craton, which allow reconstructing the main stages of the Paleoproterozoic craton evolution, including its assembly.

Section snippets

Geological background

The Siberian craton is a collage of Archean and Paleoproterozoic terranes that are delineated by orogenic belts and suture zones (Fig. 1). The basement is exposed in the Aldan and Anabar shields, as well as in several uplifts (basement inliers): Kan, Sayan and Sharyzhalgay in the southwestern part of the craton; Baikal and Tonod in the south; Stanovoy in the southeast; and Olenek in the north (Fig. 1).

The origin of the craton has been explained by two basic models. According to one model (

Paleoproterozoic granitic rocks of the Siberian craton

Synthesis of geological, geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data on Paleoproterozoic granitoids and, in some cases, volcanics related with the granitic rocks (summarized in Table 2S, available online as Supplementary material) can provide basis for correlations among rocks from different basement inliers of the craton (Fig. 3) and shed light on the history of granitic magmatism that records the craton evolution.

Discussion

Different models explaining the consolidation of the Siberian craton have been tested using the assemblage of geological, geochronological, and geochemical data on Paleoproterozoic granitic rocks in different terranes and blocks, with reference to the age of related metamorphism.

Conclusion

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Geological, geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic studies of Paleoproterozoic granitoids and, in some cases, related volcanics in the Siberian craton reveal major events of magmatic activity which record different evolution stages of the craton, including its assembly.
•
Granitoids with ages of 2.5–2.4 Ga and 2.15–2.04 Ga are of local scale being restricted to separate blocks and terranes which later entered the craton structure. These rocks are of different types and represent different

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

I wish to thank D.P. Gladkochub and A.M. Mazukabzov (Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Irkutsk) for discussions on Paleoproterozoic magmatism and the related history of the Siberian craton. Thanks are extended to T.I. Perepelova who improved the style and writing of the manuscript. The research was partly supported by Grant No. 18-05-00764 from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and by Grant No. 075-15-2019-1883 from the Ministry of Science and High Education of the Russian Federation.

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Assembly of the Siberian Craton: Constraints from Paleoproterozoic granitoids

Highlights

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Geological background

Paleoproterozoic granitic rocks of the Siberian craton

Discussion

Conclusion

Declaration of Competing Interest

Acknowledgements

Lithos

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

Russ. Geol. Geophys.

Precambr. Res.

Russ. Geol. Geophys.

Russ. Geol. Geophys.

Russ. Geol. Geophys.

Precambr. Res.

Russ. Geol. Geophys.

Ore Geol. Rev.

Russ. Geol. Geophys.

Timing of Early Proterozoic collisional and extensional events in the granulite-gneiss-charnokite-granite complex, lake Baikal, USSR: A U-Pb, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic study

J. Geol.

Age limits and formation duration of Paleoproterozoic volcanic belts in the central Aldan Shield

Doklady Earth Sci.

Age of greenstone belts of the Prisayanie

Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR

Isotopic age of granulites in the Western Stanovoi region

Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR

Isotopic age of the Ungra magmatic complex of the Aldanian Shield

Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR

Isotope dating of rocks from the Baikal-Vitim Greenstone Belt

Isotope dating of metamorphic rocks from the Anabar shield

Milestones in the Early Precambrian history of the Yenisey Ridge

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U-Pb age of hypersthene granites (kuzeevites) of the Angara-Kan protrusion (Yenisei Range)

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Precambrian granitoids of the Northwestern Sayan Area

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Petrogenesis of Early Proterozoic postcollisional granitoids in the southern Siberian craton

Petrology

Petrogenesis and age of the felsic volcanic rocks from the North Baikal volcanoplutonic belt, Siberian craton

Petrology

Age and sources of the Paleoproterozoic premetamorphic granitoids of the Goloustnaya block of the Siberian craton: geodynamic applications

Petrology

Genesis of the Paleoproterozoic rare-metal granites of the Katugin Massif

Petrology

Petrogenesis and structural position of the Early Proterozoic charnockites of the Tatarnikovsky massif in the South Siberian post-collisional magmatic belt of the Siberian craton

Geodyn. Tectonophys.

Long-lived connection between southern Siberia and northern Laurentia in the Proterozoic

Nat. Geosci.

A geochemical classification for granitic rocks

J. Petrology

Tectonic division of the Siberian craton basement and its curst history

Geotektonika

The Urik-Iya graben of the Sayan inlier of the Siberian Craton: new geochronological data and geodynamic implications

Doklady Earth Sci.

The age and geodynamic interpretation of the Kitoi granitoid complex (southern Siberian craton)

Russ. Geol. Geophys.

Siberian Craton and its evolution in terms of Rodinia hypothesis

Episodes

Large igneous province of about 1750 Ma in the Siberian Craton

Doklady Earth Sci.

Precambrian sedimentation in the Urik-Iya graben, Southern Siberian craton: main stages and tectonic settings

Geotectonics

Age of the Stanovoy complex of East Siberia: Evidence from SHRIMP II ion microprobe data

Doklady Earth Sci.