Behavioural neuroscienceSucrose sham feeding on a binge schedule releases accumbens dopamine repeatedly and eliminates the acetylcholine satiety response
Section snippets
Subjects
Male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing between 250 and 350 g were obtained from the Princeton University vivarium from a stock originating from Taconic Farms (Germantown, NY, USA). The rats were housed individually on a reversed 12-h light/dark cycle with ad libitum access to water and LabDiet rodent chow (PMI Nutrition International, St. Louis, MO, USA) prior to surgery. All procedures were carried out in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory
Daily intake of sucrose escalates more during sham feeding than real feeding
Both groups of rats had daily, 12-h access to sucrose, and both significantly escalated their intake over the course of the experiment (F(17,170)=5.0, P<0.01, data from the 18 days that microdialysis was not conducted). Rats that sham fed for the first hour each day consumed larger amounts of sucrose in the first hour than the real-feeding rats (group effect: F(1,90)=167.7, P<0.01). Fig. 1 shows the sucrose intakes for 1 h during microdialysis on days 1, 2 and 21. Post hoc analyses show there
Accumbens DA and bingeing
The repeated increase in extracellular DA that occurred in the NAc during sham feeding suggests that taste alone can be sufficient to release DA in sucrose-bingeing rats. This finding, coupled with previous work (Hoebel et al 1999, Colantuoni et al 2001, Colantuoni et al 2002, Avena and Hoebel 2003, Avena et al 2004, Avena et al 2005, Spangler et al 2004, Rada et al 2005), supports the theory that repeated, excessive sugar bingeing produces a neural process qualitatively like that caused by
Conclusions
The present results show that both sham feeding and real feeding by sugar-dependent rats cause extracellular DA to increase in the NAc. This increase in DA release occurs repeatedly in association with intake of a palatable solution and resembles the pattern of persistent DA release, albeit smaller in magnitude, seen after administration of most drugs of abuse. This suggests that intermittent, short-term food deprivation, combined with recurrent DA release due to the taste of sweet food, might
Acknowledegments
Appreciation is extended to Dr. Nori Geary for training in the fistula technique and to Maida Rada for microdialysis probes. This research was supported by USPHS grant MH-65024 and DA-016458 (fellowship to N.M.A.). Abstracts of this work have been presented previously (Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting 2003 Program No. 929.2, International Behavioral Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting 2004, and Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior Annual Meeting 2004).
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