Accumulating evidence indicates that cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), through phosphorylating a plethora of pre- and postsynaptic proteins, functions as an essential modulator of synaptic transmission. Recent advances in the field of Cdk5 research have not only consolidated the in vivo importance of Cdk5 in neurotransmission but also suggest a pivotal role of Cdk5 in the regulation of higher cognitive functions and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings on the emanating role of Cdk5 as a regulator of synaptic functions and plasticity.
