Basic scienceMorphologic features of humeral head and glenoid version in the normal glenohumeral joint
Section snippets
Materials and methods
A total of 207 healthy volunteers ranging from 20 to 40 years of age were prospectively recruited for this study. All volunteers gave their informed consent to participate in this study, and candidates with any past illnesses or injuries in the shoulder girdles were excluded. Two cases were excluded after examination because an asymptomatic bone cyst in the humeral head was found on the CT scans of their right shoulders. Thus, 410 shoulders from 205 volunteers (mean age, 30.6 ± 5.0 years; age
Results
Intrarater reliability of the 2 observers was 0.952 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.936-0.965) and 0.894 (95% CI, 0.858-0.921) for humeral head version and 0.923 (95% CI, 0.897-0.943) and 0.918 (95% CI, 0.890-0.939) for glenoid version, respectively. Interrater reliability was 0.887 (95% CI, 0.850-0.916) for humeral head version measurement and 0.921 (95% CI, 0.903-0.936) for glenoid version measurement. Intrarater and interrater reliabilities exceeded 0.85 for humeral head version and glenoid
Discussion
For anatomic reconstruction of the glenohumeral joint, it is important to understand normal shoulder morphology. However, the morphologic features of the normal glenohumeral joint have not been sufficiently evaluated. With a large number of samples, the present study revealed side-to-side and sex differences in humeral head version and glenoid version. The dominant sides and men had significantly higher retroversion than the nondominant sides and women. Both the humeral head and glenoid are
Conclusion
With a large number of samples, the present study found differences in humeral head version and glenoid version by sex and shoulder dominance. Both the humeral head and glenoid are thought to be more retroverted in high-demand shoulders.
Disclaimer
The authors, their immediate families, and any research foundation with which they are affiliated did not receive any financial payments or other benefits from any commercial entity related to the subject of this article.
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This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Ito Municipal Hospital (reference study number 2012001).