Original articleColorectal anomalies in patients with classic bladder exstrophy
Section snippets
Materials and methods
We reviewed 1044 patients in an institutionally approved database containing all patients with a diagnosis of exstrophy evaluated at our institution between 1974 and 2010. The inclusion criteria for this study were a diagnosis of CBE and complete and available medical records with a comprehensive, documented physical examination. Patients were excluded if they had an exstrophy variant, complete epispadias, cloacal exstrophy, or classic exstrophy with any associated spinal or neurologic anomaly.
Results
A total of 1044 patients with the exstrophy-epispadias-cloacal exstrophy condition have been evaluated or treated at our institution for a 36-year period. Of these, 676 have CBE, with the remaining 368 patients having cloacal exstrophy, epispadias, an exstrophy variant, or incomplete records for evaluation.
Of this cohort of 676 patients, boys were represented in a 2.5:1 ratio to girls, 482 patients to 193, respectively. Of those patients whose data on ethnicity/race were available for review,
Discussion
The existence of GI malformations in the exstrophy complex is well documented; however, most of these malformations present in patients with more severe forms of the disease, such as cloacal exstrophy [7]. Traditionally, the most common form of bladder exstrophy, CBE, has been classified primarily as a GU malformation. However, for the past 3 decades, patients presenting with CBE have also been found to have significantly higher proportions of associated congenital anomalies than the general
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Cited by (16)
Bladder exstrophy and postoperative intussusception due to Meckel's diverticulum: A confluence of congenital anomalies
2017, Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case ReportsMaternal and fetal risk factors for bladder exstrophy: A nationwide Swedish case-control study
2016, Journal of Pediatric UrologyCitation Excerpt :BE is the most common condition of the spectrum of genitourinary malformations ranging in severity from epispadias, affecting only the urethra and genitalia, to cloacal exstrophy, also involving the intestines. BE is commonly considered to be an isolated malformation, but associated major malformations, such as cleft lip-palate, spina bifida, and orthopedic and gastrointestinal anomalies, have also been described [1–4]. The prevalence of BE has been reported to range between 1.6 and 4.0 per 100,000 live births.
Congenital renal anomalies in patients with classic bladder exstrophy
2012, UrologyCitation Excerpt :In the gynecologic literature, the vaginal canal has been described as more vertical than horizontal, with a cervix inserting more distally on the superior vaginal wall close to the introitus.14 New reports have been published in 2011 on CBE reporting the incidence of isolated gastrointestinal anomalies, such as imperforate anus, to be between 1.8% and 2.5% in 2 large international series.15,16 Despite other anatomical variants being well described, the exstrophy literature does not contain any large series describing the variants of normal renal anatomy that exist in this population.