Reviews and feature articleFungal disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Section snippets
Saprophytic fungal infestation/fungal colonization
Anatomic abnormalities of the paranasal sinuses impair drainage and predispose the patient to fungal colonization of these areas. Mucosal injury from comorbidities also can cause pooling of mucus and colonization by fungi; however, colonization is seldom of clinical consequence, patients are typically asymptomatic, and fungi identified during procedures performed for other reasons should not be treated because numerous species, including Aspergillus species, are commonly found in the sinonasal
Chronic invasive fungal sinusitis
In patients with chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, the process of invasion of the sinus tissues occurs over a period of weeks or months rather than hours. Many patients with this relatively rare condition have subtle abnormalities in their immune system caused by diabetes mellitus, chronic low-dose corticosteroid use, or other ongoing immunosuppression. This indolent infection is most commonly caused by dematiaceous molds, such as Bipolaris, Curvularia, and Alternaria species, followed by
Summary
Fungal rhinosinusitis encompasses a wide range of fungal infections that range from asymptomatic colonization of the sinus passages to rapidly progressing and ultimately fatal infection. Colonization is exceedingly common, and isolation of potential pathogens from the nasosinal passages requires an understanding of host risk factors and disease syndromes given the vastly different treatment options for these overlapping conditions.
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2023, Asian Journal of SurgeryCitation Excerpt :Computed tomography (CT) may assist in determining individual differences in sinus structure and potential orbital and intracranial propagation. Significant thickening of unilateral nasal and sinus mucosa has been demonstrated to be the most common finding of early stage AIFR, but it lacks specificity.2 Other CT results include intracavity air-fluid levels, obliteration of the maxillary periantral fat planes, middle turbinate infiltration and sinus opacification are also unrare.4,11,12
Diagnosis and management of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis
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2021, American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery
Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: G. R. Thompson has received research support from Pfizer. T. F. Patterson has consultant arrangements with Pfizer, Viamet Pharmaceuticals, Toyama, Merck, and Astellas Pharma US and has received research support from Astellas Pharma US, Merck, and Pfizer.