International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Research PaperImagingThree dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry after mandibular reconstruction: validation of a new method using stereophotogrammetry☆
Section snippets
Materials and methods
20 patients who underwent immediate or delayed mandibular reconstruction because of a segmental resection in the period 2000–2009 were included in this study.10 In all 20 patients the reconstruction was performed with two preshaped titanium 2.3 mm plates (Smart plates; KLS Martin Group, Tuttlingen, Germany), particulate autogenous cancellous bone graft and platelet-rich plasma.10, 11 A group of 24 healthy volunteers with no history of facial surgery or existing facial deformities served as
Results
Intra- and inter-observer performances are presented in Table 1. The absolute mean asymmetry, of all corresponding points compared in an x, y, z coordinate system, has an intra-observer difference of 0.02 mm (−0.07 to 0.11) with a measurement error of 0.09 mm. The inter-observer difference is 0.04 mm (−0.08 to 0.17) with a measurement error of 0.13 mm. Both are well within the 0.5 mm range which is considered to be acceptable.16, 17
In five patients, 3D photographs could not be used because of image
Discussion
Measuring asymmetry using 3D stereophotogrammetry has been done in cleft lip and palate18 and orthognathic patients.19 A 3D optical sensor has been used before to measure asymmetry in cleft lip and palate patients.20, 21 In these studies a symmetry axis was computed. To measure asymmetry the distance of cephalometric soft-tissue landmarks to the symmetry axis was calculated. These landmarks were all situated close to the symmetry axis (most lateral landmarks were ExL and ExR). More lateral
Funding
None.
Ethical approval
No ethical approval was required for the current study.
Competing interests
None declared.
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This work was supported by a grant from the Dutch Technology Foundation (STW – nr. 10315).