Gene expression analysis of Six3, Pax6, and Otx in the early development of the stalked crinoid Metacrinus rotundus
Section snippets
Development and coelomogenesis of M. rotundus
Fig. 1 shows the normal development of the planktonic stages of M. rotundus. As previously described, the M. rotundus embryo hatches at the late gastrula stage (Nakano et al., 2003; Fig. 1A). The anterior (animal) wall of the archenteron is thinner than the middle and the posterior (vegetal) walls (Fig. 1A, arrowheads). No mesenchymal cells are observed in the blastocoel, which differs from that of certain feather stars that have numerous mesenchymal cells in the blastocoel of the gastrula
Discussion
The expression of Otx in ciliary cells of the planktonic larvae has been widely reported in eleutherozoan echinoderms (Gan et al., 1995, Mitsunaga-Nakatsubo et al., 1998, Shoguchi et al., 2000, Yuh et al., 2002, Nielsen et al., 2003, Hinman et al., 2003) and in a hemichordate (Harada et al., 2000). The localization of Otx protein in the larval ciliary cells has also been reported in certain eleutherozoan echinoderms (Lowe and Wray, 1997, Lowe et al., 2002). We observed that MrOtx is expressed
Collection and larval culture of M. rotundus
Adult M. rotundus were collected using gill nets at depths of about 130–150 m from Sagami Bay during September and October. The collected animals were kept in aquaria filled with circulating deep sea water, which was pumped up from depths of 200–300 m within Sagami Bay. The females with mature eggs were removed and individually placed in large beakers containing deep sea water, and were kept at 14 °C until spawning had occurred. Embryos and larvae were cultured in plastic containers filled with
Acknowledgements
The culturing of M. rotundus was partially performed at the Keikyu Aburatsubo Marine Park. We are grateful to Mr. Takeshi Nakai, Ms. Kozue Ito, and Ms. Sachiko Hatanaka for their help in culturing M. rotundus. We also thank Dr. Masato Kiyomoto, Dr. Hiroaki Nakano, Dr. Taku Hibino, Dr. Mamiko Yajima, Dr. Yuko Hara, Mr. Mamoru Sekifuji, Ms. Toko Tsurugaya, and Mr. Jun Tsuchimoto for their support in culturing and handling M. rotundus, and we are obliged to Dr. Yoko Nakajima, Dr. Tomoko F.
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