Full length articleImplementing flipped classroom using digital media: A comparison of two demographically different groups perceptions
Introduction
Over the past few decades, there has been a surge of new innovations and improvements in the field of Information Technology. The advent of the internet, cheaper and more accessible storage, increasing computing power, new devices such as smartphones, tablets and other mobile apparatus are some of the breakthroughs that helped boost only new digital experience but guided the new generation to change their daily lives and learning habits.
In the present era, there are wider emphases on environments that support multitasking and augment social aspects of learning. However, evidences show that millennial students (those born between 1982 and 2002) have been relying on technologies more than ever while at the same time demonstrating an ever-decreased tolerance for lecture-style presentations. In other words, since students have completely different needs and expectations from an educational system, it unsurprisingly necessitates a change in our thinking style. In that given scenario, the aforementioned tools allow us to think about education from scratch and redesign the built-in concepts we used to live with. In other words, this idea necessitated a paradigm shift from the traditional teaching and learning to the active learning strategies and help students in better engaging with their learning environment (Roehl, Reddy, & Shannon, 2013).
Section snippets
Background of flipped classroom
The flipped classroom is a new instructional model that has been widely used in recent years. The simplest definition for this model is: what has been traditionally done during class time i.e. class presentations is shifted to home activities and what has been traditionally done at home i.e. homework and projects are transferred to as class activities. Accordingly, students watch educational videos at home and do their homework during the class hours with the help of classmates and under the
Research design
Implementing the flipped classroom was an effort to bring in new methods of teaching and learning. The newness of the model and the diversity in students' demographics were the reasons the researchers embarked on the current study. In other words, the research was aimed at exploring the effects of unique features of this study including the type of course contents, English language and belonging to two demographic groups. A demographic summary of these two groups is demonstrated in Table 1:
Quantitative results
This study contains a quantitative analysis to compare student perceptions in two independent groups (answering the research question 1). The Mann–Whitney U test (Siegel & Castellan, 1988) was employed to check the following set of hypotheses for each question: H0 Student perceptions do not differ between Group1 and Group2. H1 Student perceptions differ between Group1 and Group2.
Calculations were done using coined package (Hothorn, Hornik, Van de Wiel, & Zeileis, 2015) in R statistical software version
Challenges
Following are some of the challenges and concerns discussed in the literature:
Limitations
The first limitation, in the course of the research, was the introduction of multiple variables for implementing the flipped classroom including curation as a method of content creation, the use of different resources for learning and English language which were not discussed in the research literature. In the current study, these variables were considered independently and their probable interactions were not measured and discussed so the results are valid on the premise that these variables
Conclusion
The two groups selected for this study were different not only in their demographics but also in their expectations and perceptions of learning. The mixed method analysis helped understand students of both the groups. Despite differences, both accepted the model well as shown by the figures and quotes in Section 4.3.1. The researchers conclude that this model can be used in more diverse forms and circumstances that have been implemented in the past by different researchers.
According to the
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