ReviewTwo-dimensional molecular porous networks constructed by surface assembling
Section snippets
General introduction
Materials science has been an incredibly fascinating and growing field. Thanks to the rapid advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology, various functional nanomaterials which can be categorized into organic and inorganic systems are becoming highly promising candidates for future nanodevices. Because of their potential applications in electronics [1], [2], opto-electronics [2], [3], [4], energy storage [5], [6], etc., a variety of functional organic nanomaterials have been extensively
Uni-molecular porous networks
Most 2D MPNs reported in the literature are uni-molecular. In this section, we will focus on the uni-molecular systems whose assembling structures are controlled by factors mentioned above, the building block, substrate and assembling environment.
External factors
Here, the external factors affecting the 2D MPNs are mainly defined as the substrate, solvent and external field effects. The solvent effect merely applies to the assembling processes at liquid/solid interfaces.
Substrates can strongly influence the structure of a 2D MPN by changing the molecule–substrate interaction which subsequently disturbs the overall balance of various interactions involved in the whole system. To minimize the substrate effect, atomically flat and chemically inert
Applications of molecular porous networks
It has long been anticipated that highly ordered 2D MPNs are promising for applications in nanofabrication and mediations of surface reactions. These 2D MPNs are essentially employed as host systems (i.e., secondary templates) such as calix [8]arene derivatives, TMA, porphyrin derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, cyclothiophenes, and many other molecular building blocks described above. Their nanopores can obviously hold alien ensembles. For instance, a cavity surrounded by six porphyrins
Summaries and perspectives
Because of their promising applications and possible tunability and controllability, 2D MPNs have become representative systems in surface assemblies. Molecular self-assembling has long been thought of in nanoscience and nanotechnology as an efficient approach, the so-called “bottom-up” approach, to preparing nanostructures. However, this approach will not work without realistic control. After several years of striving efforts, people have reached the consensus that 2D MPNs might be the model
Acknowledgements
This work is jointly supported by NSFC (20573001, 50821061, 20773001, 20827002) and MOST (2006CB806102, 2007CB936202, 2009CB929403), China.
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