Archival ReportReduced Sleep Spindles and Spindle Coherence in Schizophrenia: Mechanisms of Impaired Memory Consolidation?
Section snippets
Participants
Twenty-five schizophrenia outpatients were recruited from an urban mental health center and 21 completed the study. Patients had been maintained on stable doses of atypical antipsychotic medications for at least 6 weeks and 12 took diverse adjunctive medications for anxiety, agitation, and/or concurrent mood disturbance (Table S1 in Supplement 1). Diagnoses were confirmed with Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV (40) and symptoms were rated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
Sleep Architecture
Patients and control participants showed relatively normal sleep and did not differ significantly on any measure of sleep quality or architecture measured either as the total number of minutes or the percentage of TST spent in any sleep stage during the experimental nights (Table 1). Actigraphy indicated that patients spent significantly more TIB and had more TST during the prestudy nights.
Spindle Number, Density, and Sigma Power
Relative to control participants, schizophrenia patients exhibited markedly reduced sleep spindle number
Discussion
The present study is the first to demonstrate a relationship between sleep spindle activity and sleep-dependent memory consolidation in schizophrenia. Relative to control participants schizophrenia patients showed fewer sleep spindles, a lower density of sleep spindles, and less overnight improvement on the MST than control participants. Within the schizophrenia group, spindle number and density both predicted overnight MST improvement. Although the present study cannot establish causality,
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