DPPC regulates COX-2 expression in monocytes via phosphorylation of CREB
Section snippets
Materials and methods
Preparation of lipid media.l-α-Phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl (DPPC), l-α-phosphatidylcholine β-arachidonoyl-γ-palmitoyl (PAPC), were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (Dorset, UK) and prepared as previously described [9].
Human monocyte cell culture. The human monocytic cell-line MonoMac-6 (MM6) was cultured as previously described [9]. The viability of MM6 cells exposed to lipid was greater than 90% throughout. Human peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from adult non-smoking volunteers
The effect of DPPC on PGE2 synthesis and secretion in human monocytes
Previously we have shown that surfactant phospholipids modulate TNF-α production in human monocytes and at the same time increased the production of PGE2[8]. In order to determine whether the disaturated form of PC (DPPC; the major constituent of surfactant) also had a similar effect, we incubated DPPC (250 μg/ml) with human monocytes. When the human monocytic cell line MM6 was incubated with DPPC for up to 8 h, there was a significant production of PGE2 (2.5-fold) when compared to untreated
Discussion
Pulmonary surfactant lipids demonstrate immuno-regulatory roles in addition to their effects on alveolar surface tension [1], [2]. In particular, the major surfactant lipid, DPPC, has shown anti-inflammatory activity in a number of cell types [4], [8], [9], [10], [11]. The inflammatory response in the lungs could initiate or potentiate the development of many inflammatory lung diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic
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