Trends in Plant Science
An evolutionary puzzle: chloroplast and mitochondrial division rings
Section snippets
The FtsZ ring descended from ancestral bacteria
The first protein that was shown to play a role in organelle division was a plant homolog of the key bacterial division protein FtsZ, which is involved in the division of chloroplasts 5, 6. Filamentous temperature-sensitive (fts) genes were identified from Escherichia coli mutants collected in the late 1960 s. The fts mutants have a defect in cytokinesis and, as a result, elongate to form filaments [10]. FtsZ is a GTPase that is structurally similar to tubulin and self-assembles into a ring
Assembling the four pieces of the evolutionary puzzle
Insights into the origin of and relationships between the ring structures given by recent studies enable us to arrange the four pieces of the evolutionary puzzle (Fig. 4). The most striking suggestion is that a very similar event occurred in both chloroplasts and mitochondria during their establishment. Although the structural and behavioral similarity of the PD and MD rings is one element of this proposal, the identification of the respective components will provide more exact information. One
Acknowledgements
Our apologies to those whose work could not be cited because of space constraints. Our work was supported by the JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (no. 7498 to SM) and by grants from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (nos 12446222 and 12874111 to TK) and from the Program for the Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences (to TK).
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Cited by (58)
Differential impacts of FtsZ proteins on plastid division in the shoot apex of Arabidopsis
2018, Developmental BiologyChloroplasts around the plant cell cycle
2016, Current Opinion in Plant BiologyThe Bacterial ZapA-like Protein ZED Is Required for Mitochondrial Division
2009, Current BiologyCitation Excerpt :These comprise a chimera of inner rings of proteins, such as FtsZ from bacteria (localized in the matrix or stroma); outer rings of proteins, such as the MD/PD ring, which is detected as an electron-dense specialized structure; and dynamin-related protein from eukaryotes (in the cytoplasm) [6–10]. The presence and function of these proteins in the oligomeric complex comprising the outer rings are thought to be universal [7–11]. In the MD and PD machineries, the inner rings are formed before the outer rings [12, 13]; therefore, the inner rings are important for initiation of endosymbiotic organelle division.
Chapter 3 Vesicle, Mitochondrial, and Plastid Division Machineries with Emphasis on Dynamin and Electron-Dense Rings
2008, International Review of Cell and Molecular BiologyCitation Excerpt :2) The dynamin rings in MDF and PDF machineries in C. merolae were ∼20 or 100 times larger in diameter and more than 1000 times greater in volume than that of VD machinery (Miyagishima and Kuroiwa, 2006; Miyagishima et al., 2003b; Nishida et al., 2003). However, even when the dynamin rings were observed clearly by immunoelectron and immunofluorescence microscopy, they were never observed directly using electron microscopy (Miyagishima et al., 2003b; Nishida et al., 2003). ( 3) Although fine filamentous linear structures and rings of FtsZ proteins were constructed in in vitro experiments (Erickson et al., 1996), they have never been seen as electron‐dense filaments in vivo in prokaryotes (Bi and Lutkenhaus, 1991), C. merolae (Takahara et al., 2000) or P. zonale (Kuroiwa et al., 2002).
FtsZ may have dual roles in the filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc/Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120
2007, Journal of Plant Physiology