Abstract
SAE1010 structural carbon steel, which has a low cost price and wide range of use in the construction industry, has been studied as dual phase (DP) steel subjected to appropriate heat treatment, and its mechanical properties have been investigated under various tempering conditions. Intercritical annealing heat treatment has been applied to the reinforcing steel in order to obtain DP steels with different martensite volume fraction. In addition, these DP steels have been tempered at 200, 300 and 400 °C for 45 min and then cooled to the room temperature. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, reduction in cross-sectional area, total elongation, resilience modulus and toughness have been examined. Furthermore, fractographic examination has been done with scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as metallographic examination of the steels. As a result of this study, it is found that mechanical properties of DP steel have changed according to the hardness and ratio of martensite phase. In addition, tensile strength, yield strength and resilience modulus of the steels have been reduced. In contrast, the total elongation, reduction of the cross-sectional area and toughness have been increased.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aksoy M, Esin A. Improving the Mechanical Properties of Structural Carbon Steel by Dual-Phase Heat Treatment [J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 1988, 10(4): 281.
Lankford W T. The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel [A]. Association of Iron and Steel Engineers (AISE) 10th Edition [C]. Pittsburgh: AISE, 1985. 1264.
Llewellyn D T, Hills D J. Review: Dual-Phase Steel [J]. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1996, 23(6): 471.
Hills D J, Llewellyn D T, Evans P J. Rapid Annealing of Dual-Phase Steels [J]. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1998, 25(1): 47.
Davies R G, Magee C L. Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels [A]. Davenport T. The American Institute of Mining Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers AIME [C]. New York: AIME, 1979. 1.
Nakagawa A H, Thomas G. Microstructure-Mechanical Property Relationships of Dual-Phase Steel Wire [J]. Metallurgical Transactions, 1985, 16A(5): 831.
Cribb W R, Rigsbee J M. Work-Hardening and Its Relationship to the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Steels [A]. Kot R A, Morris J W, eds. Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels [C]. New York: The American Institute of Mining Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers AIME, 1979. 91.
Speich G R. Metals Handbook [M]. 10 ed. Metals Park: ASM, 1990.
Speich G R. Physical Metallurgy of Dual Phase [A]. Kot R A, Bramfitt B L. Steels in Fundamentals of Dual Phase Steels [C]. New York: The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers AIME, 1981. 1.
Thomas G. Physical Metallurgy of Direct Quenched Steels [A]. Taylor K A, Thomson S W, Fletcher F B. TMS [C]. Pittsburgh: TMS, 1993. 265.
Jha B K, Avtar R, Sagar D V. Structure-Property Correlation in Low Carbon Low Alloy High Strength Wire Rods/ Wires Containing Retained Austenite [J]. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 1996, 49(3): 133.
Park K S, Park, K T, Lee D L, et al. Effect of Heat Treatment Path on the Cold Formability of Drawn Dual-Phase Steels [J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2007, 449A; 1135.
Trejo D, Monteiro P, Thomas G, et al. Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Susceptibility of Dual-Phase Steel in Concrete [J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1994, 24(7): 1245.
Keleştemur O, Yildiz S. Effect of Various Dual-Phase Heat Treatments on the Corrosion Behavior of Reinforcing Steel Used in the Reinforced Concrete Structures [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2009, 23: 78.
ASTM E112–96, Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size (ASTM International) [S].
Sarkar P P, Kumar P, Mana K M, et al. Microstructural Influence on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviour of Dual-Phase Steels in 3.5% NaCl Solution [J]. Materials Letters, 2005, 59: 2488.
Aksoy M. An Investigation on the Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel by Dual-Phase Treatment [D]. Elazig: Firat University Institute of Science and Technology, 1985 (in Turkish).
Rigsbee J M, Vanderarend P. Journal Laboratory Studies of Microstructures and Structure-Property Relationships in Dual-Phase HSLA Steels [J]. Paper Presented at TMS-AIME Fall Meeting, 1977: 56.
Morrow J, Tither G. Molybdenum in Interracially Annealed Dual-Phase Steel Strip [J]. Journal Metals, 1978, 30(3): 16.
Zhang C, Cai D, Liao B, et al. A Study on the Dual-Phase Treatment of Weathering Steel 09CuPCrNi [J]. Materials Letters, 2004, 58: 1524.
Ahmed E, Manzoor T, Liaqat A K, et al. Effect of Microvoid Formation on the Tensile Properties of Dual-Phase Steel [J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2000, 9 (3): 306.
Ahmed E, Priestner R. Effect of Rolling in the Intercritical Region on the Tensile Properties of Dual-Phase Steel [J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 1998, 7 (6): 772.
Sarwar M, Priestner R. Influence of Ferrite-Martensite Microstructural Morphology on Tensile Properties of Dual-Phase Steel [J]. Journal of Materials Science, 1996, 31: 2091.
Erdogan M, Tekeli S, Pamuk O, et al. Surface Carburized A1SI8620 Steel With Dual-Phase Core Microstructure [J]. Materials Science and Technology, 2002, 18: 840.
Kelestemur O, Aksoy M, Yildiz S. Corrosion Behavior of Tempered Dual-Phase Steel Embedded in Concrete [J]. International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials, 2009, 16(1): 43.
Kelestemur O. An Investigation on the Usability and Corrosion Resistance of the Dual-Phase Steel in the Reinforced Concrete Structures [D]. Elazig: Firat University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Construction Education, 2008 (in Turkish).
Mould P R, Skena C C. Structure and Properties of Cold-Rolled Ferrite-Martensite Steels [A]. Devanport A T. Formable HSLA and Dual-Phase Steels [C]. New York: AIME, 1977. 128.
Bayram A, Uĝuz A, Ula M. Effects of Microstructure and Notches on the Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Steels [J]. Materials Characterization, 1999, 43(4): 259.
Tamura I, Tomata Y, Akao A, et al. On the Strength and Ductility of Two Phase Iron Alloys [J]. Transactions of ISIJ, 1973, 13: 283.
Davies R G. The Deformation Behaviour of a Vanadium Strengthened Dual-Phase Steel [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 1978, A9: 41.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Keleştemur, O., Kelestemur, M.H. & Yildiz, S. Improvement of mechanical properties of reinforcing steel used in the reinforced concrete structures. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 16, 55–63 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(09)60044-3
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(09)60044-3