Vapor-grown carbon fibers enhanced sulfur-multi walled carbon nanotubes composite cathode for lithium/sulfur batteries
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Cited by (12)
Hierarchically porous N-doped C nanofibers comprising TiO<inf>2</inf> quantum dots and ZIF-8-derived hollow C nanocages as ultralight interlayer for stable Li–S batteries
2022, Composites Part B: EngineeringCitation Excerpt :Consequently, LSBs display inferior electrochemical performance with low-rate capabilities, unstable cycling performance, and low Coulombic efficiencies [13–17]. Several strategies have been developed to overcome these problems, including the synthesis of carbon–sulfur nanocomposites [18–22], the physical and chemical anchoring of polysulfides through the use of various polar oxide/selenide/carbide/sulfide nanomaterials along with carbon [23–37], electrolyte modification [38,39], and Li anode protection [40,41]. Another interesting strategy reported by various research groups over the world is the introduction of a porous and highly conductive interlayer consisting of mainly carbon and metal compounds as nanocomposites in the form of separator coating facing toward the cathode.
Asymmetric separator integrated with ferroelectric-BaTiO<inf>3</inf> and mesoporous-CNT for the reutilization of soluble polysulfide in lithium-sulfur batteries
2022, Journal of Alloys and CompoundsCitation Excerpt :Additionally, the instability of the Li metal anode and a large depreciation of S (~80%) during lithiation owing to its higher density (2.07 g cm−3) compared to Li2S (1.66 g cm−3) is also inevitable [18–32]. Several approaches have been developed so far to address these challenges, mainly comprising the design of various S–C nanostructures to encapsulate S in conductive scaffolds/frameworks chosen according to their conductivity, porosity, morphology, dimension, and surface chemistry [4,20,33–45]. Besides, several studies have focused on immobilizing lithium polysulfide (LiPS) using physical or chemical methods, [19,22,23,27,28,46–60], protecting the Li anode, [61–63], accommodating volume expansion [64,65], and optimizing electrolytes [66,67].
Hierarchically porous nanofibers comprising multiple core–shell Co<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>@graphitic carbon nanoparticles grafted within N-doped CNTs as functional interlayers for excellent Li–S batteries
2021, Chemical Engineering JournalCitation Excerpt :However, the commercialization of LSBs is hindered by several factors, such as (i) the poor conductivity of S (5 × 10−30 S cm−1) and Li2Sx (x = 1 or 2), the final discharge product (10−13 S cm−1), (ii) the low active material utilization and rapid capacity decay originated from the dissolution or shuttling (“shuttle effect”) of intermediate polysulfide products (Li2Sx, 4 ≤ x ≥ 8), (iii) the large volume change (80%) during lithiation owing to the large difference in density between sulfur (2.07 g cm−3) and Li2S (1.66 g cm−3), and (iv) the instability of Li metal anodes [13–23]. To date, numerous approaches have been developed to solve these drawbacks, which mainly focused on designing carbon nanostructures to encapsulate sulfur in conductive frameworks [4,15,24–37], immobilizing lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) using physical or chemical methods [14,17,18,22,23,38–51], protecting Li anodes [52–54], accommodating volumetric expansion [55,56], and optimizing electrolytes [57,58]. These methods have considerably improved the electrochemical performance of LSBs through effectively suppressing LiPS diffusion by restricting them within the cathode domain.
Edge sulfurized graphene nanoplatelets via vacuum mechano-chemical reaction for lithium–sulfur batteries
2017, Journal of Energy ChemistryCitation Excerpt :However, sulfur-based cathode materials are still faced with many challenges before large-scale production such as: (a) poor electrical conductivity of sulfur; (b) large volume and morphology changes of sulfur electrodes over lithiation and (c) dissolution and diffusion of the polysulfides intermediate into the electrolyte, which lead to particularly rapid capacity decay and low Coulombic efficiency [3,4]. Over these years, extensive efforts have been paid to solve the above-mentioned problems by encapsulating sulfur with various carbon hosts, such as porous carbon [5–7], conducting polymers [8–10], carbon nanotubes [11–15] and graphene derivatives [16–23]. Recently, the group of Yi Cui [24] applied hollow carbon nanofibers to improve the cyclic stability, which exhibits improved capacity of 1180 mAh/g at 0.2 C and capacity retention of 80% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C; the group of Yunhui Huang [25] presented an order meso–microporous core–shell carbon material as cathode which shows a capacity of 837 mAh/g at 0.5 C after 200 cycles with a capacity retention of 80%.
Effect of solvents on the electrochemical properties of binder-free sulfur cathode films in lithium–sulfur batteries
2016, Materials Research BulletinCitation Excerpt :In previous studies, sulfur electrodes have been fabricated with various binders such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) [4–10], polyethylene oxide (PEO) [11–19], carboxymethyl cellulose–styrene-butadiene rubber (CMC–SBR) [20–22], polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) [23–29], gelatin [19,30], and β-cyclodextrin [31]. In addition, various solvents to dissolve these binders have been employed, for example, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) for dissolution of PVDF [4–10], acetonitrile (ACN) for PEO [11–19], and water for CMC–SBR [20–22], PTFE [23–29], gelatin [19,30], and β-cyclodextrin [31]. These binders occupied 10–30 wt% of the sulfur electrode with large quantities of solvent required for binder dissolution and mixing of materials.
Effect of synthesis method on the morphological and electrochemical characteristics of sulfur/MWCNT composite cathode
2016, Solid State IonicsCitation Excerpt :Compared with traditional lithium ion battery, lithium–sulfur cell is attractive for its high theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mAh g− 1 and high theoretical specific energy of 2600 Wh kg− 1 [3]. In addition, sulfur as a cathode active material has advantages of low cost, non-toxicity, natural abundance and environmental friendliness [4]. However, the lithium–sulfur cells still face some critical problems: (1) the insulating nature of sulfur (5 × 10− 30 S cm− 1 at 25 °C) and lithium sulfide leads to poor electrochemical accessibility and a relatively low practical capacity [5]; (2) lithium polysulfides (Li2Sn, 2 < n ≤ 8) produced during charge–discharge cycles induce a shuttle phenomenon due to their freely diffusion in the electrolyte between the anode and cathode, leading to a low cycling performance and coulombic efficiency [6]; and (3) the irreversible insulating agglomerates of solid discharge product (Li2S) are formed on the cathode surface with increasing cycle number, inhibiting the transmission of ions to the active sulfur, and causing capacity fading and a poor rate performance [7,8].
Foundation item: Project (JCYJ20120618164543322) supported by Strategic Emerging Industries Program of Shenzhen, China; Project (2013JSJJ027) supported by the Teacher Research Fund of Central South University, China