Clinical Studies
Associations between a polymorphism in the gene encoding glycoprotein IIIa and myocardial infarction or coronary artery disease

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a common variant (PIA2) of the membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIIa gene is associated with myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary artery disease (CAD).

BACKGROUND

Platelet GP IIb/IIIa is believed to play a central role in MI, binding fibrinogen, cross-linking platelets and initiating thrombus formation. Genetically determined differences in binding properties of GP IIb/IIIa might result in changes in platelet activation or aggregation and affect the risk of MI or CAD.

METHODS

To determine associations (odds ratios [OR] ≥1.5 to 2.0) of genotype with MI or CAD, blood was drawn from 791 patients (pt) undergoing angiography. A 266 base pair fragment of the GP IIIa gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and digested with the MspI restriction enzyme. Genotypes were identified after electrophoresis of digestion products in 1.5% agarose gel.

RESULTS

Of the 791 pt, 225 had acute (n = 143) or previous MI, and 276 did not have MI or unstable angina. The PIA2allele was carried by 33.8% of MI pt versus 26.9% of no-MI control subjects, OR = 1.39 (95% CI, 0.95 to 2.04, p = 0.09). Angiographically, 549 pt had severe (>60% coronary stenosis) CAD, and 170 had normal coronary arteries (<10% stenosis). The PIA2allele was found in 31.0% of CAD pt versus 28.2% of no-CAD control subjects, OR = 1.14 (CI, 0.78 to 1.67, p = 0.50). When adjusted for six standard risk factors, ORs were 1.47 (CI, 0.98 to 2.20, p = 0.062) for MI and 1.20 (CI, 0.80 to 1.81, p = 0.38) for CAD.

CONCLUSIONS

The PIA2variant of the gene encoding GP IIIa is modestly associated (OR ≈ 1.5) with nonfatal MI but shows little if any association with CAD per se.

Abbreviations

CAD
coronary artery disease
CI
95% confidence interval
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
ECG
electrocardiogram
EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
GP
glycoprotein
MI
myocardial infarction
OR
odds ratio
PCR
polymerase chain reaction

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This study was supported in part by grants from the Deseret Foundation, Intermountain Health Care, Salt Lake City, Utah.