Ultrastructure of the Carotid Body in the Mammals
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2011, Respiratory Physiology and NeurobiologyCitation Excerpt :We found that CB and NPJgc express CD14. However, we did not further investigate CD14 localization in GCs or NPJgc neurons because in our animal model of sepsis, the presence of membrane-anchored CD14 in the chemoreceptors could be less important since during sepsis, both monocytes (Durieux et al., 1994) and hepatocytes (Liu et al., 1998) secrete soluble CD14 to bloodstream, which in fact reaches carotid chemoreceptors because of their extensive vascularization (Verna, 1979). Since the I.P. administration of LPS stimulates vagal primary afferent fibers, which in turn activate CNS neurons responsible for systemic manifestations of sepsis (Mascarucci et al., 1998; Borsody and Weiss, 2005), and the number of neurons expressing c-Fos within the DVC, after peripheral administration of LPS, correlates with plasma levels of TNF-α (Hermann et al., 2001), it is possible to suggest that TNF-α stimulates c-Fos activation of neurons in the NTS.
Chapter 1 Trophic Factors in the Carotid Body
2008, International Review of Cell and Molecular BiologyCitation Excerpt :The carotid body is a single, ovoid tissue mass, located in the carotid bifurcation, composed of lobules, separated by connective tissue, which are innervated by afferent fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve arising from the petrosal ganglion (Fig. 1.1A–E). The lobules are organized in clusters containing cells belonging to two separate populations, that is, type I (or chief ) cells, in turn distinguished into light, dark, and pyknotic; and type II (or sustentacular) cells, at the edges of the clusters (Verna, 1979). Type I cells contain many dense‐cored vesicles storing biogenic amines and neuropeptides, and are generally considered to be the real chemoreceptors of the carotid body.
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