Autoimmunity and selected environmental factors of disease induction*

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Autoimmune diseases may be induced by physical and/or chemical environmental factors. A review of the available literature on mercuric chloride, iodine, silicone, anilides, l-tryptophan, vinyl chloride, and canavanine suggests three general mechanisms by which they may induce disease. First, oxidative damage probably is a frequent process involved in disease induction and pathogenesis. Second, certain compounds also may generate antigen-specific immune responses that could then cross-react with selftissues. Other xenobiotics might bind to selftissues and increase self-tissue immunogenicity. Third, physical and chemical agents may also modulate the immune system. Finally, in response to controversies surrounding the influence of human activities on global climate changes, the immunosuppressive effects of ozone and ultraviolet radiation are discussed.

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    *

    Supported in part by NIH Grants CA20816 and DK39588. Dr Yoshida is a recipient of a National Research Service Award from NIAID.

    1

    From the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis Davis, CA.

    2

    Steven Yoshida, PhD: Visiting Scholar

    3

    M. Eric Gershwin, MD: Professor of Medicine, Chief of the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

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