Chapter 1 is an introduction to current issues in health care with a focus on strategies to advance person-centered care—primarily but not exclusively in mental health and substance abuse service as well as integrated health care delivery systems. Treatment planning can help to assure the individual’s experience of care as individualized and person-centered, but this must be understood in the context of the service delivery system. Topics include the meaning of person-centeredness, whole health and mental health/primary care integration, shared decision making, the Wagner care model, health care reform, medical necessity, workforce challenges and trauma-informed care.