Cell
ArticleInterferon-β gene regulation: Tandemly repeated sequences of a synthetic 6 bp oligomer function as a virus-inducible enhancer
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2015, Journal of Biological ChemistryCitation Excerpt :Moreover, they also participate in cell growth regulation, differentiation of hematopoietic cells, and apoptosis (5). Promoters of genes regulated by IRFs have copies of the consensus IRF recognition sequence 5′-AANNGAAA-3′ found in cis-acting elements called interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs) (6–9). Members of the IRF family (IRF1 through -9 in mice and humans) have two conserved functional domains: an N-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain (DBD) with a signature five conserved tryptophan residues and a C-terminal interferon activation domain (IAD) critical in mediating protein-protein interactions (1, 9–12).
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2006, ImmunityCitation Excerpt :We suggest that ISD recognition might activate IFN-β transcription by using some but not all components of the enhanceosome. Numerous studies have shown that overexpression of IRF3 alone robustly activates the IFN-β promoter, presumably without any direct contribution of NF-κB or MAP kinases, and multimerization of IRF3 binding sites renders an ectopic promoter virus inducible (Fujita et al., 1987). We emphasize that live DNA viruses may activate these pathways via other ligands or effects on cells, such as recognition of viral RNA transcripts or a global stress response to viral replication.
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Present address: The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.