Chronically elevating plasma Mg2+ improves hippocampal frequency potentiation and reversal learning in aged and young rats
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A switch in the mode of the sodium/calcium exchanger underlies an age-related increase in the slow afterhyperpolarization
2015, Neurobiology of AgingCitation Excerpt :An age-related increase in the sAHP has been previously observed in rats, mice, and rabbit hippocampal neurons (Foster, 2007; Landfield and Pitler, 1984; Moyer et al., 2000; Murphy et al., 2006). The current that underlies the sAHP in these neurons is sensitive to Ca2+ with previous experiments showing that blockade of HVA Ca2+ currents can reverse the age-related sAHP increase (Landfield and Morgan, 1984; Moyer et al., 1992). We therefore examined the effects of age on the Ca2+ sensitivity of the sAHP, action potential firing frequency, and SFA in the CGCs using the HVA-Ca2+ channel blocker CdCl2.
Magnesium and Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Diet and Nutrition
2015, Diet and Nutrition in Dementia and Cognitive DeclineKetamine, magnesium and major depression - From pharmacology to pathophysiology and back
2013, Journal of Psychiatric ResearchCitation Excerpt :This mechanism increases EPSPs frequency and long term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. Mg2+ leads to increased LTP in hippocampal slides (Landfield and Morgan, 1984). Low Mg2+ for a short period of time leads to an inhibition of CaMKII activity (Blair et al., 1999), whereas Mg2+ administration in vivo increases phosphorylation and therefore activation of CaMKII in the prefrontal cortex.
Enhancement of Learning and Memory by Elevating Brain Magnesium
2010, NeuronCitation Excerpt :The effects we observed were due to elevation of body Mg2+ content to higher levels than a normal diet. Improvement of memory functions in aged rats by a high dosage of Mg2+ diet (2% elemental Mg2+) has been reported before (Landfield and Morgan, 1984). However, it triggered weight loss due to Mg2+-induced diarrhea, hindering further mechanistic studies.
Kalzium Ist Nicht Alles
2010, NeuronCitation Excerpt :These findings carry several important implications, not the least of which is that oral agents that target the inorganic milieu of the brain can markedly impact cognitive function and its biochemical substrates. Mg supplementation has been previously reported to enhance cognitive performance in young and old rats (Landfield and Morgan, 1984), but, as Slutsky et al. point out, oral Mg supplementation is not efficiently bioavailable, and the large doses of Mg2+ required to benefit the animals lead to gastrointestinal side effects that limit the translatability of the benefits. Slutsky et al. successfully overcame this problem by identifying a Mg2+ ionophore, threonate, that forms a stable complex with Mg (MgT) with much better orally bioavailability than Mg2+ salts.
Memantine: a NMDA receptor antagonist that improves memory by restoration of homeostasis in the glutamatergic system - too little activation is bad, too much is even worse
2007, NeuropharmacologyCitation Excerpt :In F344 9–12 month old rats, memantine produced a strong trend for improvement in the Morris water maze expressed as significantly more time spent in the target quadrant during the probe trial (Barnes et al., 1996). Interestingly, it has been reported that in 24-month-old F344 rats, a high magnesium diet improved T-maze reversal learning and improved high frequency potentiation in CA1 hippocampal region (Landfield and Morgan, 1984). This again implies background NMDA receptor overactivation as a cause for this observed symptomatic deficit, but the use of magnesium for therapy is questionable (see below).
This work was supported by Grants AG 01737 and AG 04542 from the N.I.H.
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Present address: University of Florida, School of Medicine Gainesville, FL 32601, U.S.A.