The effects of recreation on freshwater plants and animals: A review

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(80)90055-5

Biological Conservation

Volume 17, Issue 3, April 1980, Pages 183-206

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(80)90055-5 Get rights and content

Abstract

This paper reviews the impacts of recreation on freshwater plants and animals. A distinction is made between water- and shore-based activities, and between physical and chemical effects. The impacts of water-based recreation, which result mainly from boating, are discussed in terms of wash, turbulence and turbidity, propeller action, direct contact, disturbance to animals, pollution from outboard motors and sewage. Those resulting from shore-based activities, such as angling and swimming, include trampling and associated effects, as well as sewage and other chemical impacts. The effects of management for recreation are also considered. There is relatively more information on the effects of recreational activities on plants than on animals, but the authors consider that further research is required in both fields. Some possible approaches are presented.

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Liddle, M. J., Happey-Wood, C. M. &Buse, A. (in press). A survey of the biota, environment and use for recreation of...

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^†: Present address: School of Australian Environmental Studies, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.

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The effects of recreation on freshwater plants and animals: A review

Abstract

Biol. Conserv.

Water Research

Environ. Res.

Biol. Conserv.

Biol. Conserv.

Biol. Conserv.

Biol. Conserv.

Biol. Conserv.

Water pollution in remote recreational areas

J. Soil Wat. Conserv.

Some effects of walking and skiing on vegetation at Cairngorm

Creation of wash by pleasure craft

Southall, British Transport Docks Board (Report no. R 236)

Erosion des rives due aux oscillations du plan d'eau d'une retenue—Le Rhône à l'aval de Genève

The behaviour of ships moving in restricted waterways

The effect of fishing on waterfowl at Grafham Water

Rep. Camb. Bird Club

The birds of Grafham Water

Yorkshire Ouse—Study 8

Pollution effects of outboard motor exhaust—laboratory studies

J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed.

Toxicity of experimental lead-iron shot versus commercial lead shot in mallards

J. Wildl. Mgmt

The forces applied to the floor by the foot in walking. I. Walking on a level surface

Res. Pap. natn. Bldg Stud.

River plants: the macrophyte vegetation of watercourses

Reactions of goldeneye to boating

Br. Birds

A review of outboard motor effects on the aquatic environment

J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed.

Limitations of macrophytes in a eutrophic lake, loch Leven. I. Effects of phytoplankton

J. Ecol.

Effects of recreation on water quality

J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed.

Outboard motors in relation to fish behaviour, fish production and angling success

A survey of twelve lakes in the Gwydyr Forest region of Snowdonia

An internal report to the Nature Conservancy, Caernarvonshire

A survey of tracks and paths in a sand dune ecosystem. II. Vegetation

J. appl. Ecol.