Invited essayPanic disorder: A product of classical conditioning
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2022, Eating BehaviorsNicotine modulation of fear memories and anxiety: Implications for learning and anxiety disorders
2015, Biochemical PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :The Pavlovian conditioning explanation has also been adopted for other anxiety disorders (see [14] for a review). For instance, later theories of PTSD argue that uncontrollable stress during severe trauma leads to re-experiencing symptoms triggered by the reminders of the traumatic event (e.g., [8,15,16]). According to these accounts, the elicited unconditioned fear response becomes associated with a variety of neutral cues and contexts during trauma and after the traumatic event these previously neutral stimuli trigger negative emotional responses, such as fear and anxiety, by reminding the person of the trauma.
Human fear extinction and return of fear using reconsolidation update mechanisms: The contribution of on-line expectancy ratings
2014, Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryCitation Excerpt :The fear-related symptoms of anxiety disorders such as panic disorder, specific phobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been conceptualized within the framework of fear conditioning (Bouton, Mineka, & Barlow, 2001; Friedman, 2000; Mineka & Zinbarg, 2006; Norrholm & Jovanovic, 2010; Wolpe & Rowan, 1988).