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Enhancing the bio-prospective of microalgae by different light systems and photoperiods

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Abstract

Microalgae are a source of highly valuable bioactive metabolites and a high-potential feedstock for environmentally friendly and sustainable biofuel production. Recent research has shown that microalgae benefit the environment using less water than conventional crops while increasing oxygen production and lowering CO2 emissions. Microalgae are an excellent source of value-added compounds, such as proteins, pigments, lipids, and polysaccharides, as well as a high-potential feedstock for environmentally friendly and sustainable biofuel production. Various factors, such as nutrient concentration, temperature, light, pH, and cultivation method, effect the biomass cultivation and accumulation of high-value-added compounds in microalgae. Among the aforementioned factors, light is a key and essential factor for microalgae growth. Since photoautotrophic microalgae rely on light to absorb energy and transform it into chemical energy, light has a significant impact on algal growth. During micro-algal culture, spectral quality may be tailored to improve biomass composition for use in downstream bio-refineries and boost production. The light regime, which includes changes in intensity and photoperiod, has an impact on the growth and metabolic composition of microalgae. In this review, we investigate the effects of red, blue, and UV light wavelengths, different photoperiod, and different lighting systems on micro-algal growth and their valuable compounds. It also focuses on different micro-algal growth, photosynthesis systems, cultivation methods, and current market shares.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is supported by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.

Funding

The authors are thankful for the financial support of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, New Delhi, under the Indo-Russian Project No. DST/INT/RUS/RSF/P-60/2021.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India

    Afreen Parveen, Pooja Bhatnagar, Bhawna Bisht, Sanjay Kumar & Vinod Kumar

  2. Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India

    Pankaj Gautam & Manisha Nanda

  3. Graphic Era, Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India

    Vinod Kumar

  4. Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13/2 Izhorskaya St, Moscow, 125412, Russian Federation

    Mikhail S. Vlaskin

  5. Peoples’ Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation

    Vinod Kumar

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  1. Afreen Parveen
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Contributions

AP: Data curation; writing—original draft. PB: Data curation; writing—original draft. BB: Data curation, writing-reviewing and editing. MN: Data curation, writing-reviewing and editing. SK: Data curation, writing-reviewing and editing. PG: Conceptualization, supervision. VK: Conceptualization; supervision; MSV: Technical assistance; conceptualization; supervision.

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Correspondence to Vinod Kumar.

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Parveen, A., Bhatnagar, P., Gautam, P. et al. Enhancing the bio-prospective of microalgae by different light systems and photoperiods. Photochem Photobiol Sci 22, 2687–2698 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-023-00471-9

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