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Structure–property relationships and corrosion behavior of laser-welded X-70/UNS S32750 dissimilar joint

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Abstract

This research aims to study the microstructure characteristics, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviors of the dissimilar autogenous laser beam welded joint of pipeline steel (X-70) and super duplex stainless steel (sDSS 2507). Pipelines for the transmission of oil and gas and risers for offshore oil and gas drilling require this dissimilar joint. A dissimilar joint must maintain its properties and be defect-free under such challenging operating conditions. The microstructure of the interface, weld zone and heat-affected zone (HAZ) were all investigated thoroughly using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). This dissimilar joint had significant microstructure anomalies in the weld and interfaces. Microstructure inhomogeneity’s effect on welded joint mechanical properties, including microhardness, tensile and impact strength, was also studied. The linear potentiodynamic polarisation test in neutral 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was used to study this weldment’s corrosion behavior. The corroded surfaces were examined using an OM and SEM for the surface morphology investigation of corroded specimens. The macro-optical investigation has revealed full penetrations in the weld without any inclusions or porosities. The interface between the sDSS 2507 weld zone and the X-70 coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) indicated a peak hardness of 418 Hv0.5. With an average of 345 Hv0.5, the WZ’s hardness variation was reported to be in the 298–420 Hv0.5 range. The hardness of the X-70/sDSS 2507 weld interface was assessed to be greater than that of the other region of weldments. An untempered martensitic region in WM and the CGHAZ of X-70, and the presence of M-A components are credited with the increase in hardness. The welded joint achieved reasonably excellent strength and ductility and met the marine and offshore standards requirements. The base metals and weldment for X-70 and sDSS 2507 have respective ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) of 610 ± 6 MPa, 995 ± 8 MPa, and 675 ± 10 MPa. The tensile findings revealed that the fracture location for weldment was evident in the X-70 base metal, ensuring that the weld metal was of adequate strength for the laser-weld joints. It was observed that the weldment’s WM had the lowest impact strength. The Charpy impact toughness of the weld metal, however, was higher than both the ASME standard (> 41 J) and the EN 1599:1997 standards (> 47 J). The sDSS 2507 BM (310 ± 4 J) clearly outperforms the weld zones (185 ± 3 J) and X-70 base metal (295 ± 2 J) in terms of impact strength. The electrochemical corrosion test shows the corrosion potential, and the weld zone's corrosion rate is between sDSS 25,070 (− 260 ± 1.3 mV, 0187 ± 0.002 mm/year) and X-70 base metal (− 454 ± 1.8 mV, 0.321 ± 0.017 mm/year). Additionally, the surface morphologies and the electrochemical measurements matched significantly.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

LBW:

Laser beam welding

DWJ:

Dissimilar weld joint

HAZ:

Heat-affected zone

CGHAZ:

Coarse grain heat-affected zone

FGHAZ:

Fine-grain heat-affected zone

ICHAZ:

Intercritical grain heat-affected zone

Creq :

Chromium equivalent

Nieq :

Nickel equivalent

γ:

Austenite

δ:

Ferrite

wt.%:

Weight percentage

lpm:

Liter per minute

WCEDM:

Wire-cut electrical discharge machining

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

AISI:

American Iron and Steel Institute

API:

American Petroleum Institute

Ac1 and Ac3 :

Lower and upper critical temperature

γ2 :

Secondary austenite

Ecorr :

Corrosion potential

ICorr :

Corrosion current density

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful of the Magod Fusion Technologies Pvt Ltd, Pune, India for providing the experimental facilities for Laser Welding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

    Anup Kumar Maurya, Rahul Chhibber & Chandan Pandey

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Patna, 800005, India

    Shailesh M. Pandey

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Maurya, A.K., Pandey, S.M., Chhibber, R. et al. Structure–property relationships and corrosion behavior of laser-welded X-70/UNS S32750 dissimilar joint. Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng 23, 81 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-023-00627-5

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