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Fatty Acids at the Crossroads of Mitochondria Dynamics in Macrophages

  • Immunometabolism (NOS Câmara, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review describes the current knowledge about lipid metabolism in macrophages, its relation to mitochondrial dynamics, and the consequences in macrophage behavior.

Recent Findings

Lipid droplet (LD) expansion is necessary for optimal macrophage inflammatory response, as M1 (pro-inflammatory) macrophages accumulate LDs within the cytoplasm as a response to leptin signaling. The broken tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, a hallmark of M1 macrophage metabolism alongside fissioned mitochondria, generates accumulated citrate that feeds fatty acid synthesis (FAS), which supplies LDs with fatty acids. All of these pathways are connected in order to induce and maintain the M1 phenotype.

Summary

Macrophage profiles are closely related to their metabolism and mitochondrial network. Mitochondrial fission is linked with FAS in an essential mechanism for maintaining metabolic characteristics of M1 macrophages, in the context of LD expansion. While we do not know the full extent to which these factors interact, there are evident links between mitochondria dynamics and fatty acid metabolism in macrophage polarization which can be further explored.

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Funding

The authors thank the São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (grant numbers 2015/15626-8, 2016/23328-0, 2018/22505-0, 2019/10876-7, and 2019/24771-2), the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq (grant number 141553/2017-0) and Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement - CAPES for the funding and support.

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  1. João Victor Virgilio-da-Silva and Juliana Silveira Prodonoff contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    João Victor Virgilio-da-Silva, Juliana Silveira Prodonoff, Lauar de Brito Monteiro, Ana Campos Codo & Pedro M. Moraes-Vieira

  2. Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Pedro M. Moraes-Vieira

  3. Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Pedro M. Moraes-Vieira

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  1. João Victor Virgilio-da-Silva
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  2. Juliana Silveira Prodonoff
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  3. Lauar de Brito Monteiro
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Correspondence to Pedro M. Moraes-Vieira.

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Virgilio-da-Silva, J.V., Prodonoff, J.S., de Brito Monteiro, L. et al. Fatty Acids at the Crossroads of Mitochondria Dynamics in Macrophages. Curr. Tissue Microenviron. Rep. 1, 249–259 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43152-020-00025-6

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