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Performance of Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) Operating in a Hostile Environment

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Abstract

This research will compare two main VANET protocols, dynamic source routing (DSR) and ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), subjected to two malicious attacks: black hole and wormhole attacks. Then, propose a mitigation method to countermeasure these attacks. This research uses NS3 to simulate a network of 100 nodes spread across a terrain of 300 × 1500 m2 with a simulation time of 10 s. The simulation aims to measure the average throughput (ATP), end-to-end average delay (AEED), packet delivery ratio (PDR) and packet loss ratio (PLR) from the data gathered during the simulations to evaluate the performance of the network. The results generated from this investigation show that DSR performs better than AODV regarding the average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio and packet loss balance when subjecting these two protocols to black hole and wormhole attacks. However, AODV outperforms DSR when measuring the average throughput under the same attacks. To countermeasure the effect of the malicious node on the VANET protocol, a proposed algorithm called soft encryption is applied to mitigate these attacks. The proposed algorithm aims to detect misbehaving nodes, isolating them from the network and dropping their packets. On the other hand, reward the well-behaving nodes by forwarding their traffic.

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Data availability

Data is generated using NS3 simulator which can be downloaded from the link: https://www.nsnam.org/releases/ns-3-29/download/.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computing and Creative Technologies, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK

    Adam Gorine & Ayoade Adeyemo

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  1. Adam Gorine
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  2. Ayoade Adeyemo
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Correspondence to Adam Gorine.

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This article is part of the topical collection “Cyber Security and Privacy in Communication Networks” guest edited by Rajiv Misra, R K Shyamsunder, Alexiei Dingli, Natalie Denk, Omer Rana, Alexander Pfeiffer, Ashok Patel and Nishtha Kesswani.

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Gorine, A., Adeyemo, A. Performance of Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) Operating in a Hostile Environment. SN COMPUT. SCI. 4, 347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-01784-3

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