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Recent advances of MXenes Mo2C-based materials for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

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Abstract

The emergence of Mo2C-based catalysts in recent years has been favored as promising contender within diverse class MXenes. In terms of rapid development in the photocatalytic application, these intriguing compounds exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance because of their superior optical properties and peculiar structure characteristics. Unfortunately, a systematic review of Mo2C-based catalysts is lacking. In this review, we abstract the implication of structure—property relationship of emerging Mo2C-based MXenes materials and their applications toward the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Furthermore, synthetic pathways to prepare high-quality, low cost Mo2C-based MXenes materials and their outcomes for high HER applications are systematically described. Finally, several insights are provided into the prospects and future challenges for the development of highly reactive Mo2C-based MXenes materials, which present large range opportunities in this promising 2D materials for green and clean energy in environmental fields. This review provides a comprehensive scientific guide to the preparation, modification, and photocatalytic HER of MXenes-based materials.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Copyright 2005, American Chemical Society. d SEM of flowers-like Mo2C [27]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. e SEM of rod-like Mo2C [28]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2013, the Royal Society of Chemistry. f Schematic showing synthesis from Mo2Ga2C to Mo2C [32]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2016, WILEY–VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Fig. 3

Copyright 2019, Elsevier. c ΔGH profile of photocatalytic HER on different Mo-catalysts [35]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2016, Macmillan Publishers. d Mechanism of photocatalytic HER. e Comparison of photocatalytic HER reaction for water splitting and degradation

Fig. 4

Copyright 2019, Elsevier. d FTIR intensity of the adsorbed water molecules on the bare and metal-doped Mo2C and e Photocatalytic HER rates of Mo2C doping metals (Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) [39]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2021, Elsevier. f Schematic illustration of the synthesis procedures of Co (Mo-Mo2C)/g-C3N4 photocatalyst and g TEM of Co (Mo-Mo2C)/g-C3N4 and h Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates of Mo2C-based samples [40]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2020, Elsevier

Fig. 5

Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry. c Calculated potential energy diagram on Pt/Mo2C [57]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry. d Synthetic process of CdS/Pt/Mo2C heterostructure and e Photocatalytic HER mechanism of CdS/Pt/Mo2C and f Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates of different samples [41]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry. g TEM of Mo2C-Au–Pd [58]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 6

Copyright 2013, the royal society of chemistry. f Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates of different samples and g Photocatalysis mechanism of TiO2/rGO-Mo2C [43]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. h element mapping images of Mo and i TEM of SrTiO3@Mo2C and j Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates of different Mo2C-based samples [44]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. k TEM of CdS/Mo2C@C and l element mapping images of CdS/Mo2C@C and m H2 evolution rates on CdS/Mo2C@C [45]. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society

Fig. 7

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62004143), the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2022BAA084), the Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project (Grant No. 2020ZYYD033), and the Innovation Project of Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory (Grant No. SC213009).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

    Jiamei Wang, Qin Qin, Fangyi Li, Wei Sun, Jing Zou, Kun Xiang & Jizhou Jiang

  2. Nano Center Indonesia, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia

    Yulianti Anjarsari, Rifda Azzahiidah &  Arramel

  3. Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Mazongling Road, Xiaoting District, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

    Huijuan Ma

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Wang, J., Qin, Q., Li, F. et al. Recent advances of MXenes Mo2C-based materials for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. Carbon Lett. 33, 1381–1394 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-022-00401-2

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