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Intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test in the diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis

  • Veterinary Microbiology - Research Paper
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Abstract

Tuberculosis remains one of the most important infectious diseases with well-known zoonotic nature that affect humans, wildlife, and domestic animals, including goats. Nonetheless, no intradermal tuberculin test has been standardized for caprine diagnosis of tuberculosis. The present study investigated the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test (ICCTT) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis among 60 goats from farms with history of tuberculosis. The cutoff applied to goats was based on a study where goats had been experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium. Clinical examination, bacteriological culture, and histopathological staining were assessed to the diagnosis. Isolates compatible with mycobacteria were subjected for molecular diagnosis based on gyrB-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and PCR restriction-enzyme analysis (PRA) of hsp65 gene by BstEII and HaeIII, namely PRA-hsp65 assay. From all goats, 60% (n = 36/60), 3.3% (n = 2/60), and 36.7% (n = 22/60) showed positive, inconclusive, and negative reactions, respectively. Out of 36 goats with ICCTT positive, 75% (n = 27/36) had isolation of mycobacteria and were detected M. bovis by gyrB-RFLP. Molecular diagnosis and histopathological findings compatible with tuberculosis showed 86.1% (n = 31/36) concordance with the ICCTT. When compared ICCTT with M. bovis isolation, gyrB-RFLP, and histopathology, the better arithmetic means of sensitivity and specificity were 2.5 mm for ICCTT compared with M. bovis isolation and gyrB-RFLP, and 4.55 mm when compared with histopathology. Both receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves presented statistical significance (P < 0.001). The identification of other mycobacteria, e.g., M. kansasii, M. flavescens, M. avium, M. florentinum, M. lentiflavum, M. simiae, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, not influenced positive results in ICCTT. The concordance between bacteriological, histopathological, and molecular identification with ICCTT findings indicate that the tuberculin test may be used as a valuable tool for diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis and reinforce the importance of association of methods to diagnostic of the disease from animal origin.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Josir Laine Aparecida Veschi, from Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) Semi-Árido, Petrolina, PE, Brazil, for his support in the fieldwork.

Funding

This study received support from São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) by financial support (Process number 2006/58323–6).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Coordination of Sustainable Rural Development, Secretariat of Agriculture and Supply of State of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Carlos Augusto Scacchetti de Almeida

  2. Animal Pathology Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Caio R. dos Santos

  3. Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Nilson Roberti Benites & Sônia Regina Pinheiro

  4. Biological Institute of São Paulo, Secretariat of Agriculture and Supply of State of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Ricardo S. Jordão

  5. Tuberculosis and Mycobacteriosies Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Érica Chimara

  6. Departament of Clinics, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Fernando José Benesi

  7. Veterinary Medicine Academic Unit, Federal University of Campina Grande, UFCG, Paraíba, PB, Brazil

    Sergio S. de Azevedo

  8. Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

    Márcio Garcia Ribeiro

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  1. Carlos Augusto Scacchetti de Almeida
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  8. Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
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Correspondence to Carlos Augusto Scacchetti de Almeida.

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This study was performed in accordance with the Ethics Committee on Animal Use guidelines of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences of São Paulo State University-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (protocol number 994/2006).

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de Almeida, C.A.S., dos Santos, C.R., Benites, N.R. et al. Intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test in the diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis. Braz J Microbiol 53, 421–431 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00650-9

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