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A Review of Multifunctional Nanocomposite Fibers: Design, Preparation and Applications

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Abstract

Nanocomposite fibers are fibrous materials with specific properties and functionalities, which are prepared by introducing nanomaterials or nanostructures in the fibers. Polymeric nanocomposite fibers exhibit multiple functionalities, showing great application potential in healthcare, aerospace, mechanical engineering, and energy storage. Here, six functionalities of polymer nanocomposite fibers are reviewed: mechanical reinforcement, resistance to electromagnetic interference and flame, thermal and electrical conduction, generation of far-infrared ray, negative ion and electricity, energy storage, and sensing. For each functionality, the fiber component selection and preparation methods are summarized. The commonly used polymers comprise natural and synthetic polymers, and typical nanomaterials include carbon-based, polymer-based, metal-based, and metal oxide-based ones. Various compounding strategies and spinning approaches, such as wet-spinning, melt-spinning, and electrospinning, are introduced. Moreover, the functional properties of fibers fabricated from different constituents and by different strategies are compared, providing a reference for performance optimization. Finally, the prospective directions of research and application are discussed, and possible approaches are suggested to facilitate the development of advanced nanocomposite fibers.

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Acknowledgements

L. J. Liu and D. Chang have contributed equally to this work. The authors would like to thank Zheng Li in School of Micro-Nano Electronics at ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center for discussion. The authors would also like to thank Lin Ding and Tianfeng Qin in MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization at Zhejiang University for assistance with modifying graphical abstract and 6.2.2 section. The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52090030), Shanxi-Zheda Institute of New Materials and Chemical Engineering (2022SZ-TD011, 2022SZ-TD012, 2022SZ-TD014, and 2021SZ-FR004), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2021FZZX001-17).

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  1. Lijun Liu and Dan Chang have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymer, Key Laboratory of Novel Adsorption and Separation Materials and Application Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China

    Lijun Liu, Dan Chang & Chao Gao

  2. Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of China

    Chao Gao

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Chao Gao is an Editorial Board Member/Editor-in-Chief for [Advanced Fiber Materials] and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.

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Liu, L., Chang, D. & Gao, C. A Review of Multifunctional Nanocomposite Fibers: Design, Preparation and Applications. Adv. Fiber Mater. 6, 68–105 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-023-00340-1

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