Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the individual and interactive effects of different rates of rice straw incorporation, Rsti, (0, 5, 7.5, and 10 t ha−1) and nitrogen fertilizer, N, (0, 90, 120, and 150 kg ha−1) on changes in physicochemical properties, available nutrients of surface soil, and wheat yield in a long-term rice-wheat system field experiment. Following rice in wheat crop, four rates of Rsti in the main plots and four rates of N in the sub plots were applied in a split-plot design with three replications. After wheat harvest of the 10th rice-wheat cropping cycle, triplicate soil samples were collected from 0 to 15 cm soil layer. Rice straw incorporation improved the soil organic carbon, soil aggregation, porosity, retention, and availability of water, as well as macro and micronutrients availability, and reduced resistance to root penetration, but increased soil bulk density. Wheat yield increased up to 7.5 t ha−1 Rsti and N up to 120 kg N ha−1. Among the assessed soil properties and available nutrients influenced by Rsti and N, supplementary soil organic carbon and available potassium were the top-ranked soil properties responsible for increased wheat yield. Wheat yield increased with rice straw incorporation was mainly due to increased soil organic carbon and available potassium.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrews SS, Mitchell JP, Mancinelli R, Karlen DL, Hartz TK, Horwath WR, Pettygrove GS, Scow KM, Munk DS (2002a) On–farm assessment of soil quality in California’s Central Valley. Agron J 94:12–23. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.1200
Andrews SS, Karlen DL, Mitchell JP (2002b) A comparison of soil quality indexing methods for vegetable production systems in northern California. Agric Ecosys Environ 90:25–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00174-8
Chen Y, Fan P, Li L, Tian H, Ashraf U, Mo Z, Pan S (2020) Straw incorporation coupled with deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer improved grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in direct-seeded rice. J Soil Sci Pl Nutr 20:2338–2347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00301-2
Choudhury SG, Srivastava S, Singh R, Chaudhary SK, Sharma DK, Singh SK, Sarkar D (2014) Tillage and residue management effects on soil aggregation, organic carbon dynamics and yield attribute in rice–wheat cropping system under reclaimed sodic soil. Soil Till Res 136:76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.10.001
Gathala MK, Jat ML, Saharawat YS, Sharma SK, Singh Y (2017) Physical and chemical properties of a sandy loam soil under irrigated rice–wheat sequence in the Indo–Gangetic Plains of South Asia. J Ecosyst Ecography 7:246–258. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.S7-002
Govaerts B, Sayre KD, Goudeseune B, De Corte P, Lichter K (2009) Conservation agriculture as a sustainable option for the central Mexican highlands. Soil Till Res 103:222–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.018
Gupta N (2019) Paddy residue burning in Punjab: understanding farmers’ perspectives and rural air pollution. Council on Energy, Environment and Water, New Delhi
Hati KM, Chaudhary RS, Mandal KG, Bandyopadhyay KK, Singh RK, Sinha NK, Mohanty M, Somasundaram J, Saha R (2015) Effects of tillage, residue and fertilizer nitrogen on crop yields, and soil physical properties under soybean–wheat rotation in vertisols of Central India. Agric Res 4:48–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-014-0141-7
Jat ML, Gathala MK, Saharawat YS, Tetarwal JP, Gupta R (2013) Double no–till and permanent raised beds in maize–wheat rotation of north–western Indo–Gangetic plains of India: effects on crop yields, water productivity, profitability and soil physical properties. Field Crops Res 149:291–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.04.024
Jayaraman S, Sinha NK, Mohanty M, Hati KM, Chaudhary RS, Shukla AK, Shirale AO, Neenu S, Naorem AK, Rashmi BAK, Patra AK, Rao C, Srinivasa, Dalal Ram C (2020) Conservation tillage, residue management, and crop rotation effects on soil major and micro-nutrients in semi-arid vertisols of India. J Soil Sci Pl Nutr 21:523–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00380-1
Karami A, Homaee M, Afzalinia S, Ruhipour H, Basirat S (2012) Organic resource management impacts on soil aggregate stability and other soil physicochemical properties. Agric Ecosyst Environ 148:22–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.10.021
Karlen DL, Birrel SJ, Johnson JMF, Osborne SL, Schumacher TE, Varvel GE, Ferguson RB, Novak JM, Fredrick JR, Baker JM, Lamb JA, Adler PR, Roth GW, Nafziger ED (2014) Multilocation corn stover harvest effects on crop yields and nutrient removal. Bioenerg Res. 7:528–539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-014-9419-7
Keller T, Sandin M, Colombi T, Horn R, Or D (2019) Historical increase in agricultural machinery weights enhanced soil stress levels and adversely affected soil functioning. Soil Till Res 194:104293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.064
Kushwaha CP, Tripathi SK, Singh KP (2000) Variations in soil microbial biomass and N availability due to residue and tillage management in a dryland rice agro–ecosystem. Soil Till Res 56:153–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00135-5
Lal R (2000) Mulching effects on soil physical quality of an Alfisol in Western Nigeria. Land Degrad Develop 11:383–392. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-145X(200007/08)11:4<383::AID-LDR393>3.0.CO;2-6
Lehtinen T, Sclatter N, Baumgarten A, Bechini L, Uger JKR, Grignani R, Zavattaro L, Costamagna C, Spiegel H (2014) Effect of crop residue incorporation on soil organic carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in European agricultural soils. Soil Use Manage 30:524–538. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12151
Lemanowicz J (2011) Phosphatase activity and plant available phosphorus in soil under winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fertilized minerally. Policy J Agron 4:12–15 http://iung.pl/PJA/wydane/PJA4.pdf#page=12
Li J, Ye X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ya N, Zou H (2021) Maize Straw Deep-Burying Promotes Soil Bacteria Community Abundance and Improves Soil Fertility. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 21:1397–1407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00448-6
Lucas M, Schlüter S, Vogel H, Doris V (2019) Roots compact the surrounding soil depending on the structures they encounter. Scientific Report 9:16236. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52665-w
Neugschwandtner RW, Liebhard P, Kaul HP, Wagentristl H (2014) Soil chemical properties as affected by tillage and crop rotation in a long-term field experiment. Pl Soil Environ 60:57–62. https://doi.org/10.17221/879/2013-PSE
Osunbitan JA, Oyedele DJ, Adekalu KO (2005) Tillage effects on bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and strength of a loamy sand soil in Southwestern Nigeria. Soil Till Res 82:57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.05.007
Ozpinar S, Cay A (2006) Effect of different tillage systems on the quality and crop productivity of a clay–loam soil in semiarid north–western Turkey. Soil Till Res 88:95–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.04.009
Package of Practices for Crops of Punjab, Rabi (n.d.) Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. https://www.pau.edu/content/pf/pp_rabi. Accessed 10 Apr 2021
Pansu M, Gautheyrou J (2016) Handbook of soil analysis: mineralogical, organic and inorganic methods. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
Salahin N, Jahiruddin M, Islam MR, Bell RW, Haque ME, Alam MK (2014) Effects of minimum tillage practices and crop residue retention on soil properties and crop yields under a rice–based cropping system. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Conservation Agriculture for Smallholders in Asia and Africa. December 2014, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. (Eds. Vance, W, H, Bell, R.,W., & Haque, M,E,). pp 133–134
Sarkar R, Kar S (2011) Temporal changes in fertility and physical properties of soil under contrasting tillage–crop residue management for sustainable rice–wheat system on sandy loam soil. J Crop Improvement 25:262–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2011.559145
Shafi M, Bakht J, Jan MT, Shah Z (2007) Soil C and N dynamics and maize (Zea may L.) yield as affected by cropping systems and residue management in North–western Pakistan. Soil Till Res 94:520–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.10.002
Sharma S, Dhaliwal SS (2020) Rice residue incorporation and nitrogen application: effects on yield and micronutrient transformations under rice–wheat cropping system. J Plant Nutr 43:2697–2711. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1783295
Singh Y, Humphreys E, Kukal SS, Singh B, Kaur A, Thaman S, Prashar A, Yadav S, Timsina J, Dhillon SS, Kaur N, Smith DJ, Gajri PA (2009) Crop performance in permanent raised bed rice–wheat cropping system in Punjab, India. Field Crops Res 110:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2008.06.009
Singh B, Humphreys F, Eberbach PL, Katupitiya A, Singh Y (2011) Growth, yield and water productivity of zero till wheat as affected by rice straw mulch and irrigation schedule. Field Crops Res 121:209–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.12.005
Singh G, Bhattacharyya R, Das TK, Sharma AR, Ghosh A, Das S, Jha P (2018) Crop rotation and residue management effects on soil enzyme activities, glomalin and aggregate stability under zero tillage in the Indo–Gangetic Plains. Soil Till Res 184:291–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.08.006
Sivakumar BG, Ahlawat AH (2008) Integrated nutrient management in soybean (Glycine max)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system. Ind J Agron 53:273–278 DOI not assigned
Surekha K, Kumari AP, Reddy NM, Satyanarayana K, Cruz PC (2003) Crop residue management to sustain soil fertility and irrigated rice yields. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys 67:145–154. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025543810663
Tripathi R, Sharma P, Singh S (2007) Influence of tillage and crop residue on soil physical properties and yields of rice and wheat under shallow water table conditions. Soil Till Res 92:221–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.03.008
Turmel MS, Speratti A, Baudron F, Verhulst N, Govaerts B (2015) Crop residue management and soil health: a systems analysis. Agric Syst 134:6–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2014.05.009
Urra J, Mijangos I, Lanzén A, Lloveras J, Garbisu C (2018) Effects of corn stover management on soil quality. Eur J Soil Biol 88:57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2018.06.005
Varvel GE, Vogel KP, Mitchell RB, Follett R, Kimble J (2008) Comparison of corn and switchgrass on marginal soils for bioenergy. Biomass Bioener 32:18–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.07.003
Verhulst N, Govaerts B, Verachtert E, Castellanos-Navarrete A, Mezzalama M (2010) Conservation agriculture, improving soil quality for sustainable production systems. In: Lal R, Stewart BA (eds) Advances in soil science: food security and soil quality. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp 137–208
Virk HK, Singh G, Sharma P (2017) Effect of tillage, crop residues of preceding wheat crop and nitrogen levels on biological and chemical properties of soil in soybean–wheat cropping system. Com in Soil Sci Pl Anal 48:1764–1771. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2017.1395446
Walia MK, Dick WA (2018) Selected soil physical properties and aggregate-associated carbon and nitrogen as influenced by gypsum, crop residue, and glucose. Geoderma 320:67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.01.022
Wang X, Jiaa Z, Liang L, Yang B, Dingac R, Nie J, Wang J (2015) Maize straw effects on soil aggregation and other properties in arid land. Soil Till Res 153:131–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.001
Wei CF, Gao M, Shao JG, Xie DT, Pan GX (2006) Soil aggregate and its response to land management practices. China Particuology 4:211–219. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1672251506000418
Yuana L, Zhang Z, Cao X, Zhu S, Zhang X, Wu L (2014) Responses of rice production, milled rice quality and soil properties to various nitrogen inputs and rice straw incorporation under continuous plastic film mulching cultivation. Field Crops Res 155:164–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.09.009
Zhang P, Wei T, Jia Z, Han Q, Ren X (2014) Effects of straw incorporation on soil organic matter and soil water–stable aggregates content in semiarid regions of Northwest China. PLOS ONE 9:928–939. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092839
Zhao X, Yuan G, Wang H, Lu D, Chen X, Zhou J (2019) Effects of full straw incorporation on soil fertility and crop yield in rice-wheat rotation for silty clay loamy cropland. Agron-Basel 9:133. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9030133
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ramteke, P.R., Vashisht, B.B., Sharma, S. et al. Assessing and Ranking Influence of Rates of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Straw Incorporation and N Fertilizer on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yield in Rice-Wheat System. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 22, 515–526 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00665-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00665-z