Abstract
Low zinc (Zn) availability in various agricultural soils including Vertisols adversely affects wheat production. The variations among the wheat genotypes to produce high grain yield and Zn uptake under low Zn supply were investigated to find out the Zn-efficient genotypes. Twenty-five different wheat genotypes were evaluated in the field with two levels of Zn, viz., low (no Zn fertilizer) and high (20 kg of Zn ha−1 applied as Zn sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) (21% Zn)) along with three foliar applications of Zn at ear initiation, flowering, and milking stage of wheat growth. Thousand grain weight, grain yield, grain Zn concentration, and Zn uptake of wheat genotypes differed significantly and increased due to Zn application. Among the genotypes, grain yield efficiency index (i.e., relative grain yield) varied from 85.0 to 98.6 and Zn uptake efficiency (i.e., relative grain Zn uptake) varied from 60.9 to 88.5. Considering grain yield efficiency index and Zn uptake efficiency index, the genotypes were categorized as efficient and responsive (JW-3211, GW-322, PBW-502, HD-2864, UP-2554, HI-8627, GW-190, SUJATHA-HI-627), efficient and non-responsive (HD-2932, LOK-1, PBW-175), inefficient and responsive (HD-4672, GW-366, UP-2628), and inefficient and non-responsive (HW-2004, WH-147, HI-1418, DL-803-3, PBW-343, HD-2733, UP-2565, JW-17, C-306, AKW-4627, HI-1500). The efficient and responsive genotypes are the most useful ones as they provide higher yield under low Zn supply and also respond to Zn fertilizer application. The inefficient and responsive genotypes may be utilized by the plant breeders to identify the responsive traits for their incorporation in modifying the efficient and non-responsive genotypes.
References
Alloway BJ (2008) Micronutrient deficiencies in global crop production, 1st edn. Springer, New York
Baligar VC, Fageria NK, He ZL (2001) Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 32:921–950
Bansal RL, Nayyar VK, Takkar PN (1991) Field screening of wheat cultivars for manganese efficiency. Field Crop Res 154:127–132
Behera SK, Shukla AK, Singh MV, Wanjari RH, Singh P (2015) Yield and zinc, copper, manganese and iron concentration in maize (Zea mays L.) grown on Vertisol as influenced by zinc application from various zinc fertilizers. J Plant Nutr 38(10):1544–1557
Cakmak I (2000) Role of zinc in protecting plant cells from reactive oxygen species. New Phytol 146:185–205
Cakmak I (2008) Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: agronomic or genetic biofortification? Plant Soil 302:1–17
Cakmak I, Kutman UB (2018) Agronomic biofortification of cereals with zinc: a review. Eur J Soil Sci 69:172–180
Cochran WG, Cox GM (1957) Experimental designs. Wiley, New York
Fageria NK, Baligar VC (1993) Screening crop genotypes for mineral stresses. In: Proceedings of the workshop on adaptation of plants to soil stress. (INTSORMII. Publication no. 94–2). University of Nebraska, Lincoln, pp 142–159
Fageria NK, Baligar VC, Jones CA (1997) Growth and mineral nutrition of field crops, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker, New York
Graham RD, Ascher JS, Hynes SC (1992) Selecting zinc-efficient cereal genotypes for soils of low zinc status. Plant Soil 146:241–250
Gupta N, Ram H, Kumar B (2016) Mechanism of zinc absorption in plants: uptake, transport, translocation and accumulation. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 15(1):89–109
Jhanji S, Sadana US, Sekhon NK, Gill TPS, Khurana MPS, Kaur R (2012) Screening diverse rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for manganese efficiency. Proceedings of National Academy of Science India B Biological Sciences 82:447–452
Jhanji S, Sadana US, Sekhon NK, Khurana MPS, Sharma A, Shukla AK (2013) Screening diverse wheat genotypes for manganese efficiency based on high yield and uptake efficiency. Field Crop Res 154:127–132
Kalayci M, Torun B, Eker S, Aydin M, Ozturk L, Cakmak I (1999) Grain yield, zinc efficiency and zinc concentration of wheat genotypes grown in a zinc-deficient calcareous soil in field and greenhouse. Field Crop Res 63:87–98
Katyal JC, Vlek PLG (1985) Micronutrient problems in tropical Asia. Fertilizer Research 7:69–94
Khoshgoftarmanesh AH, Shariatmadari H, Karimian N, Kalbasi M, Khajehpour MR (2004) Zinc efficiency of wheat genotypes grown on a saline calcareous soil. J Plant Nutr 27(11):1953–1962
Li M, Tian X, Li X, Wang S (2017) Effect of Zn application methods on Zn distribution and bioavailability in wheat pearling fractions of two wheat genotypes. J Integr Agric 16(7):1617–1623
Liu DY, Zhang W, Pang LL, Zhang YQ, Wang XZ, Liu YM, Chen XP, Zhang FS, Zou CQ (2017) Effects of zinc application rate and zinc distribution relative to root distribution on grain yield and grain Zn concentration in wheat. Plant Soil 411:167–178
Marschner P (2012) Mineral nutrition of higher plants, 3rd edn. Academic Press, London
Murthy ASP (1988) Distribution, properties, and management of Vertisols of India. In: Stewart BA (ed) Advances in soil science, vol 8. Springer, New York
Rengel Z, Batten GD, Crowley DE (1999) Agronomic approaches for improving the micronutrient density in edible portion of field crops. Field Crop Res 60:27–40
SAS Institute. (2011). The SAS system for Windows, Release 9.2 SAS Inst. Cary, NC
Sendhil R, Singh R, Sharma I (2012) Exploring the performance of wheat production in India. Journal of Wheat Research 4:37–44
Shivay YS, Prasad R, Rahal A (2008) Relative efficiency of zinc oxide and zinc-sulphate enriched urea for spring wheat. Nutrient Cycling in Agroeco-system 82:259–264
Shukla AK, Behera SK, Shivay YS, Singh P, Singh AK (2012) Micronutrients and field crop production in India: a review. Indian Journal of Agronomy 57:123–130
Shukla AK, Behera SK, Singh MV, Wanjari RH, Singh P, Singh R, Verma DK (2015) Evaluation of zinc polyphosphate as an alternative source of zinc fertilizer for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop cultivated in a Vertisols of central India. J Indian Soc Soil Sci 63(4):454–459
Shukla AK, Behera SK, Pakhre A, Chaudhari SK (2018) Micronutrients in soils, plants, animals and humans. Indian Journal of Fertilizers 14(4):30–54
Singh, M. V., Behera, S. K. (2011). All India coordinated research project of micro- and secondary nutrients and pollutant elements in soils and plants – a profile. Research bulletin no. 10. All India coordinated research project of micro- and secondary nutrients and pollutant elements in soils and plants, IISS, Bhopal, pp. 1-57
Singh P, Shukla AK, Behera SK, Tiwari PK (2019) Zinc application enhances super oxide dismutase and carbonic anhydrase activities in zinc efficient and inefficient wheat genotypes. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 19(3):477–487
Swindale, L. D. (1981). An overview of ICRISAT's research on the management of deep black soils. Proceedings of the Seminar on Improving Management of India's Deep Black Soils (New Delhi, May 2 1, 1981), 17–20
Takkar, PN, Chibba, IM, Mehta, SK (1989) Twenty years of coordinated research of micronutrients in soils and plants (1967-1987). IISS, Bull. I.. Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal
Yilmaz A, Ekiz H, Gultekin I, Torun B, Barut H, Karanlik S (1998) Effect of seed zinc content on grain yield and zinc concentration of wheat grown in zinc-deficient calcareous soils. J Plant Nutr 21:2257–2264
Zhao AQ, Tian XH, Cao YX, Lu XC, Liu T (2014) Comparison of soil and foliar application for enhancing grain Zn content of wheat grown on potentially zinc-deficient calcareous soils. J Sci Food Agric 94(10):2016–2022
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), New Delhi, for funding the research work through National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) (Sub-project code: 417801-08). The authors thank the Director, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, for providing the facilities to carry out the research work. The authors acknowledge the comments and suggestions provided by the anonymous reviewers and the editor for improving the quality of the manuscript.
Funding
The project was funded through the National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) (Sub-project code: 417801-08) of Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), New Delhi.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, P., Shukla, A.K., Behera, S.K. et al. Categorization of Diverse Wheat Genotypes for Zinc Efficiency Based on Higher Yield and Uptake Efficiency. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 20, 648–656 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00153-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00153-5