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Effect of gamma irradiation on quality parameters, sterility and mating competitiveness of melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett)

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Abstract

Radiation doses up to 30 Gy had not much adverse effects on adult emergence, flying ability and deformation, while, exposure of pupae to 40 and 50 Gy, adult emergence (58.67 and 41.67%) and adult fliers (54.18 and 37.12%) significantly decreased. Deformation was also significantly high at 40 (10.67%) and 50 Gy (16.0%), compare to 5 Gy (2.67%) and 30 Gy (6.0%). Adult longevity was not largely affected up to 30 Gy exposures. At 40 and 50 Gy exposure, life span declined to 21.0 and 18.3 days, respectively. More than fifty per cent of males irradiated at 30 Gy remained alive after 48 h of food stress, compare to un-irradiated males. Fecundity was least affected by irradiation up to 30 Gy. The sterility at 5 Gy was at par with control. The sterility increased with increase of radiation doses as irradiation of mature pupae at 30, 40 and 50 Gy resulted in male sterility of 81.47, 90.73 and 95.99%. Mating competitiveness of sterile males with normal males was estimated at cross ratios of 1:1:1, 1.5:1:1, 2:1:1, 2.5:1:1 and 3:1:1 both under lab and field cage conditions. Fecundity and egg hatchability significantly decreased with increase in the ratio of sterile males to normal males. Sterile males were more competitive compared to normal males for normal females at release ratio of 3:1:1 with competitiveness value of 1.42 under lab conditions and 1.06 in field cage conditions. Therefore, 30 Gy was considered as optimum dose to obtain sterile males of B. cucurbitae without deterioration of insect quality and mating vigour.

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Acknowledgements

The first author gratefully acknowledges Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India for providing financial assistance for doctoral study.

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Correspondence to G. S. Panduranga.

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Panduranga, G.S., Sharma, K., Singh, B. et al. Effect of gamma irradiation on quality parameters, sterility and mating competitiveness of melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett). Int J Trop Insect Sci 42, 875–883 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00613-5

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