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Attraction and retention-period of different stuffs and stuffing techniques with their active food baits for the management of peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

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Abstract

Field studies were conducted to evalaute the effectivess and active food-bait retention periods of 12 bait-stations with four stuffing materials and three stuffing techniques for 2 months in citrus, mango and guava orchards. GF-120 (commercially available food-bait) was used as standard. Results revealved that active retention-period of GF-120 was maximum in bait-station stuffed with three layers of jute (BSJ-3) after 6 weeks. BSJ-3 proved more effective for the application of food-bait followed by bait-station stuffed with two layers of jute (BSJ-2), that stuffed with three layers of coconut-husk (BSCH-3), that stuffed with two layers of foam (BSF-2), that stuffed with three layers of foam (BSF-3) and that stuffed with three layers of dried lufa (BSL-3) which were equally effective. The results also revealed that jute proved better stuffing material followed by foam, coconut-husk and dried-lufa while three-layer stuffing technique proved better followed by two-layers and one-layer for the preparation of bait-station for B. zonata. So three-layer stuffing of jute with GF-120 may be helpful in the development of bait station for the management of B. zonata.

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Abbreviations

SIT:

Sterial Insect Technique

ha:

Hectare

AWPMP:

Area Wide Pest Management Program

RCBD:

Randomized Complete Block Design

ANOVA:

Analysis of Variance

BSJ-1:

Bait-station stuffed with one layer of jute

BSJ-2:

Bait-station stuffed with two layers of jute

BSJ-3:

Bait-station stuffed with three layers of jute

BSCH-1:

Bait-station stuffed with one layer of coconut-husk

BSCH-2:

Bait-station stuffed with two layers of coconut-husk

BSCH-3:

Bait-station stuffed with three layers of coconut-husk

BSF-1:

Bait-station stuffed with one layer of foam

BSF-2:

Bait-station stuffed with two layers of foam

BSF-3:

Bait-station stuffed with three layers of foam

BSL-1:

Bait-station stuffed with one layer of dried-lufa

BSL-2:

Bait-station stuffed with two layers of dried-lufa

BSL-3:

Bait-station stuffed with three layers of dried-lufa

SPLAT:

Specialized pheromone and lure application technology

TDE:

Total duration of experiment

BSRI:

bait-station refreshing interval

TNGFA:

Total number of GF-120 applications

QGF:

Quantity of GF-120 trap−1 application−1

VW:

Volume of water trap−1 application−1

TVGFS:

Total volume of GF-120 solution trap−1 application−1

CGFPL:

Cost of GF-120 L−1

CGFPTA:

Cost of GF-120 trap−1 application−1

TCGFEP:

Total cost of GF-120 for experimental period

PRCGFS:

Percent reduction in cost of GF-120 by bait-stations over standard bait-trap

CBS:

Cost of bait-stations

CGFS:

Cost of GF-120 saved compared to standard-trap

CBR:

Cost benefit ratio

ECOCBSJ-3:

Extra cost of GF-120 used in other bait-stations/standard-trap compared to BSJ-3

PKRs:

Pakistani Rupees (Currency)

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Acknowledgements

The Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC) is graciously acknowledged for providing the funds in term of NRPU for the conduct of this part of Ph.D. research. The Authors also acknowledge the University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Pakistan for according permission to utilize the lab and field associated resources of UAF for the conduct of this part of research.

Availability of data and material

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Funding

This manuscript is a part of PhD thesis research which was conducted in a HEC funded project No. 20-3228NRPU R&D/HEC13–740 under the National Research Grant for University (NRPU) program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Facility of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Junaid Nisar, Muhammad Dildar Gogi & Muhammad Jalal Arif

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Facility of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

    Shahbaz Talib Sahi

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  1. Muhammad Junaid Nisar
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Contributions

MJN designed and conducted the experiment, collected and analyzed the data, and wrote manuscript. MDG helped in apprehending the idea of this research, designing the layout of experiment and improving the write-up, format and language of this manuscript. MJA reviewed the manuscript, add and improved declaration section, edited the format of the Figures and Table according to the format of this journal. STS contributed in data setting for analysis, reviewed the final manuscript and made the format of this manuscript according to the format of this journal. This final manuscript was ultimately perused, scrutinized and approved for final submission by all the authors.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Junaid Nisar.

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Nisar, M.J., Gogi, M.D., Arif, M.J. et al. Attraction and retention-period of different stuffs and stuffing techniques with their active food baits for the management of peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Int J Trop Insect Sci 40, 599–610 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00106-x

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